Swift+Ubuntu环境配置

首先假定我们已经安装好Ubuntu Linux操作系统了,这个系统安装很简单,网上很多的步骤教程,虚拟机的话推荐用VirtualBox。Swift支持Ubuntu 14.04和15.10两个发型版,我这选择15.10版本的包。

第一步:下载 Swift 2.2 工具链压缩包,打开终端,输入命令新建目录并下载(可以自行到 swift.org 搜索)  

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~$ mkdir swift && cd swift;
diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift$ wget https://swift.org/builds/swift-2.2-release/ubuntu1510/swift-2.2-RELEASE/swift-2.2-RELEASE-ubuntu15.10.tar.gz

第二步:用tar命令解压 Swift 2.2 工具链压缩包到当前目录,并配置环境变量

先解压,再进入目录,目录下会有usr/binusr/lib等等子目录:

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift$ tar xvf swift-2.2-RELEASE-ubuntu15.10.tar.gz
diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift$ cd swift-2.2-RELEASE-ubuntu15.10/

然后配置用户级别的环境变量,编辑$HOME/.bashrc配置文件

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swift-2.2-RELEASE-ubuntu15.10$ gedit $HOME/.bashrc

上面命令会调出图形界面文本编辑器GEdit来编辑这个配置文件,在文件的最后输入如下配置行并保存退出编辑器

export SWIFT_HOME=$HOME/swift/swift-2.2-RELEASE-ubuntu15.10
export PATH=$SWIFT_HOME/usr/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$SWIFT_HOME/usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export LIBRARY_PATH=$SWIFT_HOME/usr/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH

这样环境变量就配置OK啦。这个时候我们只需要关闭我们的Shell终端重新打开终端就生效了。

3.Swift+Ubuntu初次体验

搞过iOS开发的都知道,2014年6月Swift刚出世时就随Xcode带了Playground功能,可以边写边看运行结果,辣么在Ubuntu Linux下有没有类似的呢,也有,只是没那么强大的IDE支持,我们一样可以运行类似Pyhton脚本解析器一样的Swift解析器,同步输入Swift代码来“解析”运行。这个命令就是swift,在上面的环境变量设置完后重开终端就可以直接使用了,如下所示。

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~$ swift
Welcome to Swift version 2.2-dev (LLVM 46be9ff861, Clang 4deb154edc, Swift 778f82939c). Type :help for assistance.
  1> let hello = "hello";
hello: String = "hello"
  2> let world = "diveinedu"
world: String = "diveinedu"
  3> let space = " "
space: String = " "
  4> print(hello+space+world);
hello diveinedu
  5>hello.
Available completions:
    append(c: Character) -> Void
    append(x: UnicodeScalar) -> Void
    appendContentsOf(newElements: S) -> Void
    appendContentsOf(other: String) -> Void
    characters: String.CharacterView
    debugDescription: String
    endIndex: Index
    hashValue: Int
    insert(newElement: Character, atIndex: Index) -> Void
    insertContentsOf(newElements: S, at: Index) -> Void
    isEmpty: Bool
    lowercaseString: String
    nulTerminatedUTF8: ContiguousArray<CodeUnit>
    removeAll() -> Void
    removeAll(keepCapacity: Bool) -> Void
    removeAtIndex(i: Index) -> Character
    removeRange(subRange: Range<Index>) -> Void
    replaceRange(subRange: Range<Index>, with: C) -> Void
    replaceRange(subRange: Range<Index>, with: String) -> Void
    reserveCapacity(n: Int) -> Void
    startIndex: Index
    unicodeScalars: String.UnicodeScalarView
    uppercaseString: String
    utf16: String.UTF16View
    utf8: String.UTF8View
    withCString(f: UnsafePointer<Int8> throws -> ResultUnsafePointer<Int8> throws -> Result) -> Result
    withMutableCharacters(body: (inout String.CharacterView) -> R(inout String.CharacterView) -> R) -> R
    write(other: String) -> Void
    writeTo(&target: Target) -> Void
  6> hello.isEmpty
$R0: Bool = false

在这个解析执行界面还有自动提示补全功能!简直四国矣.上面第五行是输入hello后再输入一点.然后按tab键,一下就出来这么多关于字符串的方法,妈妈再也不担心我在终端模式下不记得方法名了。

上面这特简单的几行代码还没包含类和对象,下面看看在swift解析器中直接输入类的定义和对象创建和简单使用。

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~$ swift
Welcome to Swift version 2.2-dev (LLVM 46be9ff861, Clang 4deb154edc, Swift 778f82939c). Type :help for assistance.
  1> struct Resolution {
  2.     var width = 0
  3.     var height = 0
  4. }
  5. class VideoMode {
  6.     var resolution = Resolution()
  7.     var interlaced = false
  8.     var frameRate = 0.0
  9.     var name: String?
 10.     func description()
 11.     {
 12.       print("name:\(name) frameRate:\(frameRate)")
 13.     }
 14. }
 15> let mode = VideoMode()
mode: VideoMode = {
  resolution = {
    width = 0
    height = 0
  }
  interlaced = false
  frameRate = 0
  name = nil
}
 16> mode.name = "1080p HD"
 17> mode.frameRate = 30.0
 18> mode.description()
name:Optional("1080p HD") frameRate:30.0
 19>

这些都只是在swift解析器中临时性的运行一些代码,如果我们需要新建.swift格式文件然后编译成可执行二进制文件形式又要怎样做呢,同样很简单,我们可以用swiftc这个命令来编译。 我们可以新建一个目录来存放swift代码文件,然后编辑一个test.swift

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~$ mkdir -p $HOME/swift/swiftcode
diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~$ cd  $HOME/swift/swiftcode
diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swiftcode$ gedit test.swift

当打开gedit文本编辑器后,输入上面的类和对象创建以及方法调用的代码,列出在下面

struct Resolution {
    var width = 0
    var height = 0
}
class VideoMode {
    var resolution = Resolution()
    var interlaced = false
    var frameRate = 0.0
    var name: String?
    func description()
    {
      print("name:\(name) frameRate:\(frameRate)")
    }
}
let mode = VideoMode()
mode.name = "1080p HD"
mode.frameRate = 30.0
mode.description()

保存后关闭编辑器,然后执行swiftc test.swift来编译源文件,会出现如下链接错误:

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swiftcode$ swiftc test.swift
<unknown>:0: error: link command failed with exit code 127 (use -v to see invocation)
diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swiftcode$

解决办法是安装编译依赖clang libicu-dev,输入下面命令回车(会询问当前用户密码)

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swiftcode$ sudo apt-get install clang libicu-dev

安装完成后再次执行编译命令swiftc test.swift就顺利编译成功,再当前目录下输出test可执行文件。

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swiftcode$ swiftc test.swift
diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swiftcode$ ./test
name:Optional("1080p HD") frameRate:30.0

而且执行ldd ./test查看此二进制文件依赖的动态库可知,它链接了libswiftCore,这是所有swift程序都会需要的。

diveinedu@diveinedu-VirtualBox:~/swift/swiftcode$ ldd ./test
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffcef3f5000)
    libswiftCore.so => /home/diveinedu/swift/swift-2.2-SNAPSHOT-2015-12-01-b-ubuntu15.10/usr/lib/swift/linux/libswiftCore.so (0x00007f1cd2f75000)
    libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f1cd2bdd000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f1cd28d5000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f1cd26be000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f1cd22f3000)
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f1cd20d5000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f1cd1ed1000)
    libicuuc.so.55 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicuuc.so.55 (0x00007f1cd1b3c000)
    libicui18n.so.55 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicui18n.so.55 (0x00007f1cd16d9000)
    libbsd.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 (0x00007f1cd14c9000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000556e488b7000)
    libicudata.so.55 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libicudata.so.55 (0x00007f1ccfa11000)

细心的读者会发现好像不见main函数或者main相关的函数,程序照样可以运行,不管是脚本还是编译成二进制可执行文件,这个我以后再细说了。

The Swift Programming Language 2.2

TheSwiftProgrammingLanguage(Swift2.2)

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