一，

VMware虚拟机 Linux操作系统，centos7版本，安装完桌面后，执行startx 命令后 ，报错：VMware: No 3D enabled (0, Success).   桌面没有启动成功

完整日志输出如下：

[root@node4 ~]# startx
xauth:  file /root/.serverauth.2982 does not exist


X.Org X Server 1.19.3
Release Date: 2017-03-15
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System:  3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64 
Current Operating System: Linux node4 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Aug 7 18:08:02 UTC 2019 x86_64
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Build Date: 05 August 2017  06:19:43AM
Build ID: xorg-x11-server 1.19.3-11.el7 
Current version of pixman: 0.34.0
	Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
	to make sure that you have the latest version.
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
	(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
	(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sat Jan  6 13:29:56 2024
(==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"
(==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
VMware: No 3D enabled (0, Success).
touch: cannot touch ‘/root/.cache/imsettings/log’: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory

(imsettings-check:3091): IMSettings-WARNING **: 13:29:56.382: Failed to execute child process “dbus-launch” (No such file or directory)

(imsettings-check:3091): GLib-GIO-CRITICAL **: 13:29:56.382: g_dbus_proxy_call_sync_internal: assertion 'G_IS_DBUS_PROXY (proxy)' failed
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
/usr/libexec/imsettings-functions: line 37: /root/.cache/imsettings/log: No such file or directory
xinit: connection to X server lost

waiting for X server to shut down (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file.

解决方案：

VMware虚拟机关闭后，把这个勾打上，然后在启动虚拟机，再次执行startx命令，成功进入桌面

二，

多个桌面是否可以同时存在？

答案是肯定的，多个桌面可以同时存在，例如GNOME和KDE是可以共存的，只是在使用桌面的时候需要指定使用哪个桌面而已。

三，

GNOME和KDE安装时的应注意事项

通常桌面不需要外部yum源，只使用操作系统ISO搭建的本地仓库，如果有依赖报错，必须手动排除掉，不能强制安装。

四，

GNOME桌面的安装：

yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"

KDE桌面的安装：

yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"

五，

桌面启动的方式

GNOME前台启动方式在centos7下是 startx 命令（如果是在xshell下面）

GNOME后台启动方式在centos7下是systemctl isolate graphical.target（如果是在xshell下面）

KDE前台启动方式：

[root@centos4 ~]# echo "exec startkde">>~/.xinitrc
[root@centos4 ~]# startx

启动后前台持续打印日志：

xauth:  file /root/.serverauth.1713 does not exist


X.Org X Server 1.20.4
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System:  3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 
Current Operating System: Linux centos4 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Aug 7 18:08:02 UTC 2019 x86_64
Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/centos-root ro rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Build Date: 09 August 2019  03:27:09AM
Build ID: xorg-x11-server 1.20.4-7.el7 
Current version of pixman: 0.34.0
	Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
	to make sure that you have the latest version.
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
	(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
	(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sat Jan  6 19:14:49 2024
(==) Using config directory: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d"
(==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
VMware: No 3D enabled (0, Success).
startkde: Starting up...
Connecting to deprecated signal QDBusConnectionInterface::serviceOwnerChanged(QString,QString,QString)
。。。。。。。略略略。。。。。。