在这里记录使用虚拟机ubuntu20.04安装caffe的过程，主要是踩过的坑。安装caffe之前需要先安装opencv，安装opencv的方法见https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45700350/article/details/117224190

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环境

virtualbox6.1.22
ubuntu20.04LST
opencv4.5.2
python3.8
gcc 9.3.0
g++ 9.3.0
安装caffe之前需要安装caffe的依赖库

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev
sudo apt-get install libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev

一、官方仓库安装caffe

1.1、安装caffe

ubuntu18.04及以上版本可以通过ubuntu的官方仓库安装

sudo apt-get install caffe-cpu      #cpu版
sudo apt install caffe-cuda         #gpu版

使用ubuntu仓库安装默认python3.6版本，若指定python链接到python3.6可使用如下指令

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.6 15

1.2、配置anaconda

cpu版本比较容易，只需要将caffe和依赖包复制到anaconda新建的虚拟环境中。操作如下:

conda create -n caffe python=3.x  #python和ubuntu中的python版本相同
conda activate caffe
conda install -y numpy
conda install -y scikit-image 

sudo cp -r caffe_scr_dir/caffe  anaconda_dir/envs/caffe/lib/python3.x/site-packages/caffe
#caffe_scr_dir 为caffe的安装路径，默认为/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/
#anaconda_dir为anaconda安装路径，默认为~/anaconda
sudo cp -r caffe_scr_dir/google  anaconda_dir/envs/caffe/lib/python3.x/site-packages/google
#caffe会用到，不复制过去就自己安装

gpu版本目前还没解决，需要源码编译，或者可以不适用anaconda，直接使用系统的python解释器。

二、 源码编译安装

2.1、下载caffe

caffe下载链接:

git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git 

也可以在gitee上面搜索下载，比较推荐gitee，国内源，比较快。

2.2、修改makefile.config

将下载下来的caffe解压，然后进入caffe文件夹，复制Makefile.config.example重命名为Makefile.config。打开文件修改，主要修改。

cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config
gedit Makefile.config

一般修改如下内容，具体参数根据实际路径调整:

# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
CPU_ONLY := 1

# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 4

# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.8
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.8 \
                  /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
 
# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial

修改之后执行

make -j4
sudo make install