VBOX + ORACLE LINUX 6U3 + ORACLE 11.2.0.3.0 RAC 安装

环境：

虚拟机          VIRTUAL BOX

OS                ORACLE LINUX 6.3_X86_64

ORACLE     11.2.0.3.0_X86_64

1, 安装VITUAL BOX，略过.
2, 安装ORACLE LINUX 6U3虚拟机，安装时只需选桌面选项.
硬件配置 CPU 1个，内存2048GB，硬盘100GB，共享磁盘30GB（6个5GB共享磁盘,固定大小，3块用于ASM，3块用于ORACLE）每3块使用grid 的asmca命令创建一个ADMDISK ，2块网卡（其中一块桥接，另一块内部网络）,

3, 配置配置网络环境，
服务器1主机名 rac1    公网桥接网卡IP:192.168.2.10   网关：192.168.2.1 私网内部网卡IP:172.168.1.10  子网掩码均为：255.255.255.0  
服务器2主机名 rac2    公网桥接网卡IP:192.168.2.11   网关：192.168.2.1 私网内部网卡IP:172.168.1.11  子网掩码均为：255.255.255.0

4,并开机自动激活。增加/etc/hosts文件如下

#public 
192.168.2.10   rac1   rac1.fengg.com
192.168.2.11   rac2   rac2.fengg.com

#vip
192.168.2.12   rac1-vip  
192.168.2.13   rac2-vip

#scan
192.168.2.18   rac-cluster rac-cluster-scan

#priv
172.168.1.10   rac1-priv
172.168.1.11   rac2-priv

#public、vip、scan在同一网段，priv在同一网段

5,关闭FIREWALL和DISABLE SELINUX等服务
vim /etc/selinux/config   ==> SELINUX=disabled
[root@RAC1 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 iptables off
[root@RAC1 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off
[root@RAC1 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 atd off
[root@RAC1 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 postfix off
[root@RAC1 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 bluetooth off

6, 创建用户、组、目录并设置口令
groupadd -g 5000 asmadmin
groupadd -g 5001 asmdba
groupadd -g 5002 asmoper
groupadd -g 6000 oinstall
groupadd -g 6001 dba
groupadd -g 6002 oper 

useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba  grid  
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba                   oracle

echo 'oracle' | passwd --stdin oracle
echo 'oracle' | passwd --stdin grid

mkdir /s01
mkdir /g01

chown oracle:oinstall /s01
chown grid:oinstall   /g01


7, 使用yum 安装oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall,准备RAC安装环境
[root@rac1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# mv public-yum-ol6.repo public-yum-ol6.repo.bak
[root@rac1 yum.repos.d]# vim public-yum-ol6.repo

[oel6]
name = Enterprise Linux 6.3 DVD
baseurl=file:///media/"OL6.3 x86_64 Disc 1 20120626"/Server
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[root@rac1 ~]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall*
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
#在文件最后增加以下行
# grid-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile soft limit is 1024
grid   soft   nofile    1024

# grid-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile hard limit is 65536
grid   hard   nofile    65536

# grid-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc soft limit is 2047
grid   soft   nproc    2047

# grid-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc hard limit is 16384
grid   hard   nproc    16384

# grid-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB
grid   soft   stack    10240

# grid-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack hard limit is 32768KB
grid   hard   stack    32768

8, 克隆RAC2虚拟机并修改RAC2的主机名和IP地址
9, 配置两台服务器挂载共享存储

[root@RAC1 ~]# for i in b c d e f g ;
do
echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\", RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\", NAME=\"asm-disk$i\", OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"asmadmin\", MODE=\"0660\""      >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
done


[root@RAC2 ~]# for i in b c d e f g ;
do
echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\", RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\", NAME=\"asm-disk$i\", OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"asmadmin\", MODE=\"0660\""      >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
done

 /sbin/start_udev
 
10, 配置root、grid、oracle 用户profile 
 
mkdir /g01/orabase 
 
RAC1节点：
export GRID_HOME=/g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid
export PATH=$GRID_HOME/bin:$GRID_HOME/OPatch:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$GRID_HOME/lib:$GRID_HOME/lib32

export ORACLE_BASE=/g01/orabase
#export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese"_China.AL32UTF8
 
RAC2节点：
export GRID_HOME=/g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid
export PATH=$GRID_HOME/bin:$GRID_HOME/OPatch:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$GRID_HOME/lib:$GRID_HOME/lib32

export ORACLE_BASE=/g01/orabase
#export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese"_China.AL32UTF8


RAC1和RAC2节点root用户的环境变量
export GRID_HOME=/g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid
export PATH=$GRID_HOME/bin:$GRID_HOME/OPatch:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

RAC1节点oracle用户的环境变量
mkdir /s01/orabase

export ORACLE_HOME=/s01/orabase/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
export ORACLE_SID=RAC1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32
export ORACLE_BASE=/s01/orabase
#export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese"_China.AL32UTF8


RAC2节点oracle用户的环境变量
mkdir /s01/orabase


export ORACLE_HOME=/s01/orabase/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

export ORACLE_SID=RAC2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32

export ORACLE_BASE=/s01/orabase
#export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese"_China.AL32UTF8
 
11, 安装LINUX下的XTERM软件支持xmanger图型化界面 yum install xterm*
12, 安装GRID CLUSTWARE 软件,不选gns选项.
注意：预安装检查失败可以忽略
Device check for asm       warning no  
Network Time Protocol(NTP) warning no  
Task resolv.conf integrity failed  no

安装完失败以下选项可以忽略
oracleoracle cluster verification utility failed, configure oracle grid infrastructure for a cluster failed 

13, 再安装ORACLE 软件
 
14. 在RAC1和RAC2节点grid、oracle 打PSU补丁，补丁文件p14727347_112030_Linux-x86-64.zip，unzip 解压到/tmp/patch 目录下，升级PSU之前先升级opatch命令软件，软件包为p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip，解压到grid home目录下覆盖Opatch目录
opatch lspatches  ==> 检查PSU补丁
su - root
$GRID_HOME/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -unlock
AIX上： su - root;  slibclean

su -  grid 
opatch napply -oh $GRID_HOME -local /tmp/patch/14727310/
opatch napply -oh $GRID_HOME -local /tmp/patch/15876003/

su - oracle
[oracle@rac1 scripts]$ /tmp/patch/15876003/custom/server/15876003/custom/scripts/prepatch.sh -dbhome $ORACLE_HOME
/tmp/patch/15876003/custom/server/15876003/custom/scripts/prepatch.sh completed successfully.

#注意patch权限
opatch napply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -local /tmp/patch/15876003/custom/server/15876003
opatch napply -oh $ORACLE_HOME -local /tmp/patch/14727310

/tmp/patch/15876003/custom/server/15876003/custom/scripts/postpatch.sh -dbhome $ORACLE_HOME

su - root
[root@RAC1 ~]# /g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid/rdbms/install/rootadd_rdbms.sh 
[root@RAC1 ~]# /g01/11ggrid/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -patch

15,使用DBCA安装ORACLE数据库

16,RAC监听安装完GRID自动创建，tnsnames.ora文件及相关命令如下：

/usr/bin/xterm -ls -display $DISPLAY

crsctl stat res -t
crsctl check crs
asmcmd
asmcmd>lsdg
ASMCMD> lsdsk
crs_stat|grep vip
crsctl stat res ora.scan1.vip
crsctl stat res ora.scan1.vip -p
crsctl stat res ora.net1.network
crsctl stat res ora.net1.network -p
opatch auto
opatch lspatches
opatch version
opatch lsinventory
crsctl check has
crsctl check crs
crsctl stop has -f
crsctl start has
srvctl stop database -d rac
srvctl start database -d rac
srvctl status database -d rac
srvctl config database -d rac
crsctl stop cluster -all
crsctl start cluster -all
crsctl start cluster -n rac1  rac2
crsctl status resource -t
crsctl check cluster 
crsctl check ctss
srvctl status asm -a
cluvfy comp clocksync -verkbose
olsnodes -n
ocrcheck
crsctl query css votedisk
crs_stat -t -v


crsctl start cluster -all
crsctl stop cluster -all
srvctl start database -d rac
srvctl stop  database -d rac


show parameter cluster_database;
show parameter local_listener;
show parameter remote_listener;
select * from v$instance;
select * from gv$instance;


参看集群状态
crs_stat -t  
查看集群资源信息
srvctl config database -d rac -a  
查看连接信息
srvctl config database -d rac -t  
查看服务信息
srvctl config service  -d rac -a  
srvctl config service  -d rac -s rac 
srvctl config service  -d rac -s rac -a 
查看ASM信息
srvctl config asm -n rac1  
srvctl config asm -n rac2 
查看监听信息
srvctl config listener -n rac1     
srvctl config listener -n rac2
查看数据库状态
srvctl  status database -d rac 
srvctl  status database -d rac -v


查看监听状态
srvctl status instance -d rac -i rac1,rac2
srvctl status instance -d rac -i rac1,rac2 -v


查看节点应用状态
srvctl status nodeapps -n rac1
srvctl status nodeapps -n rac2


查看节点ASM状态
srvctl status asm -n rac1
srvctl status asm -n rac2


关闭当前所连接的实例
srvctl  stop instance -i rac1 -d rac -o abort
打开当前实例
srvctl  start instance -i rac1 -d rac


设定服务TAF模式为BASIC
RAC =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
    (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = rac)
      (FAILOVER_MODE =
        (TYPE = SELECT)
        (METHOD = BASIC)
        (RETRIES = 180)
        (DELAY = 5)
      )
    )
  )


  
客户端TNSNAMES.ORA
使用数据库 tnsname连接如下：
 
RAC_12/13 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.12)(PORT = 1521))
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.13)(PORT = 1521))
     (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
     (FAILOVER=yes)
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER=DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = RAC)
    )
  )
  




SELECT x.ksppinm NAME, y.ksppstvl VALUE, x.ksppdesc describ
 FROM SYS.x$ksppi x, SYS.x$ksppcv y
 WHERE x.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
 AND y.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
 AND x.indx = y.indx
AND x.ksppinm like '%high%';


虚拟机可以关闭这个选项，提高性能

SQL> alter system set "_high_priority_processes"='LMS*' scope=spfile;

参考来自互联网