虚拟机上安装Oracle 12c 单机到单机的DG
环境准备：
ubuntu16.04+kvm1.3.2
CentOS6.5 64bit
oracle 12c1

test@vostro-2421:/media/test/mc2t/bak/kvm/dg$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=40G ./cos6512c1.img
Formatting './cos6512c1.img', fmt=qcow2 size=42949672960 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
test@vostro-2421:/media/test/mc2t/bak/kvm/dg$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=40G ./cos6512c2.img
Formatting './cos6512c1.img', fmt=qcow2 size=42949672960 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
test@vostro-2421:/media/test/mc2t/bak/kvm/dg$ qemu-img info ./cos6512c1.img
image: ./cos6512c1.img
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 40G (42949672960 bytes)
disk size: 196K
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 1.1
    lazy refcounts: false
    refcount bits: 16
    corrupt: false

3G内存40G硬盘未分区，由CENTOS6.5自动处理
database server->customize now->databases不安装mysql.postgresql数据库->Desktops->Desktop.xwindowssystem->Development除eclipse，其他全安装。
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.122.4    dg1
192.168.122.5    dg2


1.规划

主库(192.168.122.4)dg1：
db_name dg1
db_unique_name dg1
service_name dg1
instance_name dg1
本地归档路径 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog
tnsnames dg2 --配置去备库的tns


备库(192.168.122.5)dg2：
db_name dg1  数据库名要一样
db_unique_name dg2 在一个dg环境里面，每一个成员的名字。
servicer_name dg2
instance_name dg2  实例名可以不一样
本地归档路径 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog
tnsnames dg1 --配置去主库的tns

2.安装ORACLE

在VNC下使用Oracle用户安装软件，，无法正常显示图形界面解决办法:root用户执行 xhost +
重装oracle：
shutdown immediate;
lsnrctl stop
echo '' > /etc/oratab
rm -rf /u01

go1/2[脚本见我的另一文档]
1:/2:[1指dg1,2指dg2服务器]
安装oracle数据库
disable I wish to receve security updates via My Oracle Support ->next -> no email ->yes ->Skip software updates ->next ->Create and configure a database ->next ->Server class ->next ->Single instance ->next ->Advanced install ->next ->add Simplified chinese ->next ->Enterprise Edition ->next ->next ->next ->next
Global database name:dg1
Oracle system identifier(SID):dg1/2
Pluggable database name: pdbdg1/2
 ->next
Memory:
Enable Automatic Memory Management
Allocate memory 40%
Character sets:
Traditional Chinaese ZHT16HKSCS
 ->next database file location:/u01/app/oracle/oradata
 ->next ->next
Enable Recovery    File system
Recovery area location: /u01/app/oracle/recovery_area
->next
Use the same passwor all accounts:123456
 ->next ->yes ->next
 ->install
database creation complete.For details check the logfiles at:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/dg1
Global Database Name: dg1
System Identifier(SID): dg1/2
Server Parameter File name:/u01/app/oracle/dbhome/dbs/spfiledg1/2.ora
EM Database Express URL:https://dg1/2:5500/em
 ->ok ->close
log: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-10-09...log
ORACLE不会自动启动，运行dbSet.sh
dg2:
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/db20161009.rsp
$ netca
$ dbca

3.设置DG数据库环境
dg1/2:
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOGGING
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YES
[oracle@dg1 dg1]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1
[oracle@dg1 dg1]$ ls
control01.ctl  pdbseed     redo02.log  sysaux01.dbf  temp01.dbf     users01.dbf
pdbdg1         redo01.log  redo03.log  system01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/' scope=both;
SQL> alter database close;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> select GROUP#,MEMBERS,BYTES/1024/1024 from v$log;
    GROUP#    MEMBERS BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------------
     1        1           50
     3        1           50
     2        1           50
SQL> select GROUP#,MEMBER from v$logfile;

    GROUP#
----------
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     3
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/redo03.log

     2
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/redo02.log

     1
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/redo01.log

SQL> alter  database add  standby  logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/stdredo1.log'  size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter  database add  standby  logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/stdredo2.log'  size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter  database add  standby  logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/stdredo3.log'  size 50M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter  database add  standby  logfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/stdredo4.log'  size 50M;
Database altered.

4.修改SPFILE参数文件
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ mkdir bak
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ cp *.* ./bak/
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ cp *1 ./bak
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ ls bak
hc_dg1.dat  init.ora  lkDG1  orapwdg1  spfiledg1.ora
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ ls
bak  hc_dg1.dat  init.ora  lkDG1  orapwdg1  spfiledg1.ora
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ ls
bak  hc_dg1.dat  initdg1.ora  init.ora  lkDG1  orapwdg1  spfiledg1.ora

dg1$ vi initdg1.ora添加
#primary dg1
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='dg1'
log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dg1,dg2)'
log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dg2 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

dg2$ vi initdg2.ora添加
#standby dg2
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='dg2'
log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dg1,dg2)'
log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog'
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog'

5.配置网络监听
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome/network/admin
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ mkdir bak
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cp *.* bak/
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ ls
bak  listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ ls bak
listener.ora  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora
1/2$ vi tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

DG1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.122.4)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )

DG2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.122.5)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg2)
    )
  )

1$ vi listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =
   (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg1)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome)
     (SID_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

2$ vi listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =
   (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg2)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome)
     (SID_NAME = dg2)
    )
  )


LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

6.用新参数重新启动数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1269366784 bytes
Fixed Size            2287912 bytes
Variable Size          805308120 bytes
Database Buffers      452984832 bytes
Redo Buffers            8785920 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome/dbs

dg2:

[oracle@dg2 dbs]$ ls
bak              hc_dg2.dat   init.ora        spfiledg2.ora
            lkDG2     orapwdg2
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
[oracle@dg2 dbs]$ ls
bak              hc_dg2.dat   initdg2.ora  lkDG2     orapwdg2
      init.ora       spfiledg2.ora

$ vi initdg2.ora
#standby dg2
DB_UNIQUE_NAME='dg2'
log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(dg1,dg2)'
log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog'
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog'

[oracle@dg2 admin]$ vi listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =
   (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg2)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome)
     (SID_NAME = dg2)
    )
  )


LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

[oracle@dg2 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/12c/dbhome/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

DG1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.122.4)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
    )
  )

DG2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.122.5)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg2)
    )
  )

SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1269366784 bytes
Fixed Size            2287912 bytes
Variable Size          788530904 bytes
Database Buffers      469762048 bytes
Redo Buffers            8785920 bytes

7.rman duplicate 复制数据库
[oracle@dg2 dbs]$ mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/pdbdg1
shutdiwn immediate;startup nomount;
dg2$ rman target sys/123456@dg1 auxiliary sys/123456@dg2
RMAN>duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck dorecover;
......
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg1/archivelog1_57_924786787.dbf thread=1 sequence=57
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:02:46
Finished recover at 2016:10:12 13:45:07
Finished Duplicate Db at 2016:10:12 13:45:38
RMAN>

8.启动备库数据库
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;   
PROCESS        CLIENT_PROCESS    SEQUENCE# STATUS
------------------ ---------------- ---------- ------------------------
ARCH           ARCH              0 CONNECTED
ARCH           ARCH              0 CONNECTED
ARCH           ARCH              0 CONNECTED
ARCH           ARCH              0 CONNECTED
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;


    
SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;        
PROCESS   CLIENT_P  SEQUENCE# STATUS  
--------- -------- ---------- ------------  
ARCH      ARCH          0 CONNECTED  
ARCH      ARCH          0 CONNECTED  
ARCH      ARCH          0 CONNECTED  
ARCH      ARCH          0 CONNECTED  
MRP0      N/A          27 WAIT_FOR_LOG  
SQL>   select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
 SEQUENCE# APPLIED  
---------- ------------------  
         51 YES  
         52 YES  
         53 YES


9.测试DG
dg1$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create tablespace mc datafile '/home/oracle/mc01.dbf' size 10M autoextend on next 5M maxsize 100M;

Tablespace created.
SQL> CREATE USER c##mcc IDENTIFIED BY mcc DEFAULT TABLESPACE mc;

User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to c##mc;

Grant succeeded.
SQL> alter user c##mc QUOTA unlimited ON mc TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp;

User altered.

dg1$ sqlplus c##mcc/mcc
SQL> create table bb(a varchar(3),b varchar(3));

Table created.

SQL> insert into bb values('q','q');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

dg2$ sqlplus c##mcc/mcc
SQL> desc bb;
 Name                       Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 A                            VARCHAR2(3)
 B                            VARCHAR2(3)

SQL> select * from bb;

A      B
------ ------
q      q

SQL>


OK



10.参考：
http://blog.csdn.net/knuuy/article/details/47154571
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/41675139