在系统中安装scipy时，用pip3 install scipy命令进行安装出现下面错误：

Preparing wheel metadata ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /home/python3.7.5/bin/python3.7 /home/python3.7.5/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpvbhpwnet
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-j4hlkwg4/scipy
    Complete output (156 lines):
    Running scipy/linalg/_generate_pyx.py
    Running scipy/stats/_generate_pyx.py
    Running scipy/special/_generate_pyx.py
    Processing scipy/linalg/cython_blas.pyx
    Processing scipy/linalg/_matfuncs_sqrtm_triu.pyx
    Processing scipy/linalg/_decomp_update.pyx.in
    Processing scipy/linalg/cython_lapack.pyx
    Processing scipy/linalg/_solve_toeplitz.pyx
    Processing scipy/stats/_stats.pyx
    Processing scipy/stats/biasedurn.pyx
    Processing scipy/stats/_qmc_cy.pyx
    Processing scipy/stats/_sobol.pyx
    Processing scipy/stats/_boost/src/beta_ufunc.pyx
    Processing scipy/stats/_boost/src/binom_ufunc.pyx
    Processing scipy/stats/_boost/src/nbinom_ufunc.pyx
    Processing scipy/sparse/_csparsetools.pyx.in
    Processing scipy/sparse/csgraph/_tools.pyx
    Processing scipy/sparse/csgraph/_traversal.pyx
    Processing scipy/sparse/csgraph/_flow.pyx
    Processing scipy/sparse/csgraph/_min_spanning_tree.pyx
    Processing scipy/sparse/csgraph/_matching.pyx
    Processing scipy/sparse/csgraph/_reordering.pyx
    Processing scipy/sparse/csgraph/_shortest_path.pyx
    Processing scipy/fftpack/convolve.pyx
    Processing scipy/special/_comb.pyx
    Processing scipy/special/_ufuncs.pyx
    Processing scipy/special/cython_special.pyx
    Processing scipy/special/_ufuncs_cxx.pyx
    Processing scipy/special/_ellip_harm_2.pyx
    Processing scipy/special/_test_round.pyx
    Processing scipy/_lib/_test_deprecation_def.pyx
    Processing scipy/_lib/_test_deprecation_call.pyx
    Processing scipy/_lib/_ccallback_c.pyx
    Processing scipy/_lib/messagestream.pyx
    Processing scipy/ndimage/src/_ni_label.pyx
    Processing scipy/ndimage/src/_cytest.pyx
    Processing scipy/io/matlab/streams.pyx
    Processing scipy/io/matlab/mio5_utils.pyx
    Processing scipy/io/matlab/mio_utils.pyx
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:9:8: Unreachable code
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:13:4: Unreachable code
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:21:8: Unreachable code
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:25:4: Unreachable code
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:33:8: Unreachable code
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:37:4: Unreachable code
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:45:8: Unreachable code
    warning: _cython_special_custom.pxi:49:4: Unreachable code
    Processing scipy/interpolate/_ppoly.pyx
    Processing scipy/interpolate/interpnd.pyx
    Processing scipy/interpolate/_bspl.pyx
    Processing scipy/cluster/_optimal_leaf_ordering.pyx
    Processing scipy/cluster/_hierarchy.pyx
    Processing scipy/cluster/_vq.pyx
    Processing scipy/signal/_peak_finding_utils.pyx
    Processing scipy/signal/_max_len_seq_inner.pyx
    Processing scipy/signal/_spectral.pyx
    Processing scipy/signal/_sosfilt.pyx
    Processing scipy/signal/_upfirdn_apply.pyx
    Processing scipy/spatial/_voronoi.pyx
    Processing scipy/spatial/ckdtree.pyx
    Processing scipy/spatial/_hausdorff.pyx
    Processing scipy/spatial/qhull.pyx
    Processing scipy/spatial/transform/rotation.pyx
    Processing scipy/optimize/_group_columns.pyx
    Processing scipy/optimize/_bglu_dense.pyx
    Processing scipy/optimize/_lsq/givens_elimination.pyx
    Processing scipy/optimize/_highs/cython/src/_highs_wrapper.pyx
    Processing scipy/optimize/_highs/cython/src/_highs_constants.pyx
    Processing scipy/optimize/_trlib/_trlib.pyx
    Processing scipy/optimize/cython_optimize/_zeros.pyx.in
    Cythonizing sources
    lapack_opt_info:
    lapack_mkl_info:
    customize UnixCCompiler
      libraries mkl_rt not found in ['/home/python3.7.5/lib', '/usr/local/lib', '/usr/lib', '/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    openblas_lapack_info:
    C compiler: gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -fPIC

    creating /tmp/tmpka583a2d/tmp
    creating /tmp/tmpka583a2d/tmp/tmpka583a2d
    compile options: '-c'
    gcc: /tmp/tmpka583a2d/source.c
    gcc -pthread /tmp/tmpka583a2d/tmp/tmpka583a2d/source.o -L/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu -lopenblas -o /tmp/tmpka583a2d/a.out
      FOUND:
        libraries = ['openblas', 'openblas']
        library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu']
        language = c
        define_macros = [('HAVE_CBLAS', None)]

      FOUND:
        libraries = ['openblas', 'openblas']
        library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu']
        language = c
        define_macros = [('HAVE_CBLAS', None)]

    setup.py:492: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command ('dist_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-j4hlkwg4/scipy/pip-wheel-metadata'), proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
      ' '.join(sys.argv[1:])))
    Running from SciPy source directory.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/home/python3.7.5/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py", line 207, in <module>
        main()
      File "/home/python3.7.5/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py", line 197, in main
        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
      File "/home/python3.7.5/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py", line 69, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 166, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
        self.run_setup()
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 259, in run_setup
        self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 150, in run_setup
        exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
      File "setup.py", line 629, in <module>
        setup_package()
      File "setup.py", line 625, in setup_package
        setup(**metadata)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 135, in setup
        config = configuration()
      File "setup.py", line 536, in configuration
        config.add_subpackage('scipy')
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1020, in add_subpackage
        caller_level = 2)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 989, in get_subpackage
        caller_level = caller_level + 1)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 926, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
        config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
      File "scipy/setup.py", line 12, in configuration
        config.add_subpackage('interpolate')
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 1020, in add_subpackage
        caller_level = 2)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 989, in get_subpackage
        caller_level = caller_level + 1)
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 926, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
        config = setup_module.configuration(*args)
      File "scipy/interpolate/setup.py", line 58, in configuration
        from pythran.dist import PythranExtension
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pythran/__init__.py", line 40, in <module>
        from pythran.toolchain import (generate_cxx, compile_cxxfile, compile_cxxcode,
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pythran/toolchain.py", line 6, in <module>
        from pythran.backend import Cxx, Python
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pythran/backend.py", line 7, in <module>
        from pythran.analyses import LocalNodeDeclarations, GlobalDeclarations, Scope
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pythran/analyses/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
        from .argument_effects import ArgumentEffects
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pythran/analyses/argument_effects.py", line 11, in <module>
        import networkx as nx
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/networkx/__init__.py", line 57, in <module>
        from networkx import utils
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/networkx/utils/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
        from networkx.utils.decorators import *
      File "/tmp/pip-build-env-vib5jyd3/overlay/lib/python3.7/site-packages/networkx/utils/decorators.py", line 12, in <module>
        import re, gzip, bz2
      File "/home/python3.7.5/lib/python3.7/bz2.py", line 19, in <module>
        from _bz2 import BZ2Compressor, BZ2Decompressor
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/python3.7.5/bin/python3.7 /home/python3.7.5/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpvbhpwnet Check the logs for full command output.

仔细观察会发现是由于：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'引起的错误。在此处我安装python3.7.5时，是使用源码编译的。在编译之前需要安装依赖包，这是由于在安装依赖包的时候没有安装bz2导致的。

解决方案：在编译之前，需要使用下面命令安装依赖包：

apt-get install -y gcc g++ make cmake zlib1g zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev openssl libssl-dev libffi-dev unzip pciutils net-tools libblas-dev gfortran libblas3 libopenblas-dev libbz2-dev

因为一些教程中没有libbz2-dev这一项，导致了后续安装scipy安装失败。

在此记录一下，方便自己不再犯同样的错误。