vmware server 1.0 redhat5.4 Oracle 10G RAC 安装文档！

hostname	rac1	rac2
公共IP（eth-0）	192.168.20.200	192.168.20.201
虚拟IP（eth-0）	192.168.20.210	192.168.20.211
私有IP（eth-1）	10.10.10.100	10.10.10.101
ORACLE_SID	orcl1	orcl2

根据自己的实际地址来，我实验的ip是这样的。

1.4 存储磁盘规划

用途	磁盘名	磁盘分区	大小
存放集群注册表ocr	/dev/sdb	/dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2	400M
表决磁盘voting disk	/dev/sdc	/dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc3	600M
存放数据文件data file	/dev/sdd	/dev/sdd1	5G
存放数据文件data file	/dev/sde	/dev/sde1	5G
闪回区falsh area	/dev/sdf	/dev/sdf1	5G
存放备份文件backup	/dev/sdg	/dev/sdg1	5G

实验环境的磁盘大小，生产环境根据实际情况来。Ocr和voting disk生产环境中一般需要多路镜像，这里也如此。

2. 模拟RAC环境

2.1 创建虚拟机

按ctrl+N或者打开File è New è Virtual Machine 新建一个虚拟机：

单击“下一步”

定制虚拟机，选择“Custom”，然后单击“下一步”

因为vmware server 1.0.10还不支持redhat5.4，所以这里选择“Linux”和“Red Hat Linux”，然后单击“下一步”

选择前面创建的存放虚拟机的路径，并可以给虚拟机取名，然后单击“下一步”

默认配置，不影响虚拟机的使用，然后单击“下一步”

默认配置，然后单击“下一步”

分配虚拟机内存大小，然后单击“下一步”

默认配置，然后单击“下一步”

选择“LSILogic”，然后单击“下一步”

默认配置，马上创建一个新磁盘，然后单击“下一步”

默认配置，然后单击“下一步”

创建磁盘，用来安装Linux系统，把“Allocate all disk space now”的勾去掉，然后单击“下一步”

给本地磁盘取名，然后单击“完成”。至此虚拟机“rac1”就创建完成了。你看见如下视图：

2.2 添加网卡

点击“Edit virtual machinesettings”

点击“Add…”

单击“下一步”

选择“Ethernet Adapter”，然后单击“下一步”

选择“Host-only”，注意“Connect at power on”一定要勾选上，然后单击“完成”

单击“OK”

重复2.1和2.2里面的步骤，创建虚拟机“rac2”。

2.4 配置磁盘共享

用UE打开“D:\vm\rac_rhel5.4\rac1\ Red Hat Linux.vmx”添加如下内容：

scsi1:0.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:1.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:2.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:3.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:4.deviceType = "disk"

scsi1:5.deviceType = "disk"

disk.locking = "false"

diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize ="0"

diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize ="0"

diskLib.DataCacheMinReadAheadSize ="0"

diskLib.dataCachePageSize ="4096"

diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"

scsi1.sharedBus = "virtual"

然后要让“D:\vm\rac_rhel5.4\rac1\Red Hat Linux.vmx”和“D:\vm\rac_rhel5.4\rac2\Red Hat Linux.vmx”的配置文件中关于磁盘共享那段配置一样。重新打开虚拟机就可以在rac1和rac2中都看见如下视图：

2.5 安装Linux

注意：在rac1、rac2主机上面都要进行次操作。

点击“Edit virtual machinesettings”

选择“CD-ROM”，设置iso文件

点击“OK”保存

点击“Start this virtualmachine”，开始安装Linux

按“回车”

不检查安装介质，选择“Skip”，按“回车”

点击“Next”

不输入序列号，选择“Skip entering ….”按“OK”

继续按“Skip”

点击“Yes”，格式化磁盘，一直到sdg盘格式话完

选择“Create custom layout”，自定义分区，我的分区如下：

点击“Next”

配置IP、主机名、网关，依照前面（1.3）来配置，点击“Next”：

选择时区，点击“Next”

设置root用户密码，点击“Next”

点击“Next”

定制软件包“Customize now”，点击“Next”

总之就是尽量多安装rpm包，选择完了，点击“Next”

点击“Next”，开始安装Linux系统

2.6 设置Linux

注意：在rac1、rac2主机上面都要进行次操作。

安装完了，会显示如下视图：

重启系统，点击“Reboot”

点击“Forward”

选择“Disabled”，禁用防火墙，点击“Forward”

选择“Disabled”，点击“Forward”

点击“Forward”

选择不注册，点击“Forward”

点击“Forward”

点击“Finish”，重启系统

3. 安装前系统配置

注意：以下配置如果没有特别说明，都是以root用户在rac1、rac2都要操作。

3.1 编辑文件 /etc/redhat-release 修改为

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4(Tikanga)

3.2 编辑文件 /etc/hosts 加入

127.0.0.1 localhost

192.168.20.200 rac1

192.168.20.210 rac1-vip

10.10.10.100 rac1-priv

192.168.20.201 rac2

192.168.20.211 rac2-vip

10.10.10.101 rac2-priv

3.3 编辑文件 /etc/sysctl.conf 加入以下内容，然后 sysctl -p 使他生效

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

net.core.rmem_max = 1048576

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

3.4 编辑文件 /etc/security/limits.conf 加入以下内容

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

3.5 编辑文件 /etc/pam.d/login 加入以下内容

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session required pam_limits.so

3.6 编辑文件 /etc/profile 加入以下内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

3.7 安装ASMlib需要的rpm包

下载地址：

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/downloads/index.html

下载一定要对照着自己的Linux内核版本来，可以使用下面的命令查看内核：

[root@rac1 ~]# uname -r

2.6.18-164.el5

[root@rac1 ~]# uname -a

Linux rac1 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 1815:51:54 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

安装命令：

[root@rac1 asm redhat5.4]# rpm --import/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM*

[root@rac1 asm redhat5.4]# rpm -Uvh *.rpm--force --nodeps

我安装的包如下：

3.9 配置hangcheck-timer模块

配置系统启动时自动加载模块，在/etc/rc.d/rc.local 中添加如下内容：

modprobehangcheck-timer

修改参数，在/etc/modprobe.conf 中添加如下内容：

optionshangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180

确认模块加载成功：

grep Hangcheck/var/log/messages | tail -2

3.10 配置时间同步

注意：这里是因为虚拟机中时间走的非常不准确，才每分钟同步一次的。生产环境根据实际情况来，可以选择同步时间服务器或同步其中一个节点等，而且同步的方式也有很多种，常用的比如ntpdate、rdate等。

在rac1上启动time-stream 服务，并设置为自动动：

chkconfigtime-stream on

在rac2 上添加任务，每一分钟和rac1进行一次时间同步：

*/1* * * * rdate -s 192.168.20.200

3.11 创建Oracle用户组

注意：rac1和rac2和主机上面创建的oracle用户必须uid和gid一样。所以这里在创建的时候就指定了uid和gid。

[root@rac1 u01]# groupadd -g 500 dba

[root@rac1 u01]# groupadd -g 501 oinstall

[root@rac1 u01]# useradd -u 500 -g oinstall-G dba oracle

[root@rac1 u01]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionaryword

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.

[root@rac1 u01]# mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

[root@rac1 u01]# mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1

[root@rac1 u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall/u01

[root@rac1 u01]# chmod -R 755 /u01

3.12 配置Oracle用户环境变量

注意：这里是贴出的rac1主机的配置，rac2主机的配置只需要把其中的ORACLE_SID改为rac2既可。

export ORACLE_SID=orcl1

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

exportORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/crs_1

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

exportPATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

umask 022

stty erase ^h

3.13 磁盘分区

注意：这步是在rac1上面操作，rac2需要重启，磁盘分区使用fdisk命令，注意不要格式化磁盘，格式化了就不是裸设备了。

分区后我的显示如下：

[root@rac1 10.2.0]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 144 1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3 145 2610 19808145 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 429 MB, 429496320 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 409 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 192 196592 83 Linux

/dev/sdb2 193 409 222208 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 644 MB, 644244992 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 614 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdc1 1 192 196592 83 Linux

/dev/sdc2 193 384 196608 83 Linux

/dev/sdc3 385 614 235520 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdd: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdd1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sde: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sde1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdf: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdf1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdg: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdg1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux

3.14 配置裸设备

注意：这里是贴出的redhat5.4的配置方法，redhat4.X配置方法不一样，在网上应该很容易找到。以下配置就是为了让oracle用户对磁盘有读/写的权限。

编辑 /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices 添加如下内容：

/dev/raw/raw1/dev/sdb1

/dev/raw/raw2/dev/sdb2

/dev/raw/raw3/dev/sdc1

/dev/raw/raw4/dev/sdc2

/dev/raw/raw5/dev/sdc3

/dev/raw/raw6/dev/sdd1

/dev/raw/raw7/dev/sde1

/dev/raw/raw8/dev/sdf1

/dev/raw/raw9/dev/sdg1

修改/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules 文件添加如下内容：

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdb1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdb2",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdc1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdc2",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdc3",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw5 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdd1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw6 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sde1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw7 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdf1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw8 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="sdg1",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw9 %N"

ACTION=="add",KERNEL=="raw[1-9]", OWNER="oracle",GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660"

重启系统和验证一下：

[root@rac2 ~]# ll /dev/raw/raw*

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 1Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw1

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 2Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw2

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 3Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw3

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 4Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw4

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 5Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw5

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 6Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw6

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 7Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw7

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 8Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw8

crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 9Aug 2 18:34 /dev/raw/raw9

3.15 创建asm磁盘组

/etc/init.d/oracleasmconfigure

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk VOL1 /dev/sdd1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk VOL2 /dev/sde1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk VOL3 /dev/sdf1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmcreatedisk VOL4 /dev/sdg1

/etc/init.d/oracleasmscandisks

/etc/init.d/oracleasmlistdisks

上面命令VOL*那几步只需在rac1上面执行既可！前面安装的ASMlib包就是为了在这里会用到。

3.16 配置SSH等价

注意：这一步是以oracle用户来操作的。因为安装rac是在其中一个节点安装，然后oracle会自动复制到其它节点。最后的测试一定要不输入密码就能显示日期，不然安装一定失败！

首先在每个节点上面执行：

mkdir ~/.ssh

chmod 700 ~/.ssh

ssh-keygen -trsa

ssh-keygen -tdsa

然后再在rac1上面执行：

cat ~/.ssh/*.pub>> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

ssh rac2 cat~/.ssh/*.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

scp~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys

最后测试：在每个节点上测试连接。验证当您再次运行以下命令时，系统是否不提示您输入口令。

ssh rac1 date

ssh rac1-privdate

ssh rac2 date

ssh rac2-privdate

这一步一定要测试成功才能进行后面的安装！

4. 安装Oracle Clusterware

注意：以下操作，没有特别说明都是以oracle用户操作的。

4.1 检查安装环境

[oracle@rac1 clusterware]$/u01/clusterware/cluvfy/runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose

Performing pre-checks for cluster services setup

Checking node reachability...

Check: Node reachability from node"rac1"

Destination Node Reachable?

------------------------------------ ------------------------

rac2 yes

rac1 yes

Result: Node reachability check passed fromnode "rac1".

Checking user equivalence...

Check: User equivalence for user"oracle"

Node Name Comment

------------------------------------ ------------------------

rac2 passed

rac1 passed

Result: User equivalence check passed foruser "oracle".

Checking administrative privileges...

Check: Existence of user "oracle"

Node Name User Exists Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

rac2 yes passed

rac1 yes passed

Result: User existence check passed for"oracle".

Check: Existence of group"oinstall"

Node Name Status Group ID

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

rac2 exists 501

rac1 exists 501

Result: Group existence check passed for"oinstall".

Check: Membership of user"oracle" in group "oinstall" [as Primary]

Node Name User Exists Group Exists User in Group Primary Comment

---------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

rac2 yes yes yes yes passed

rac1 yes yes yes yes passed

Result: Membership check for user"oracle" in group "oinstall" [as Primary] passed.

Administrative privileges check passed.

Checking node connectivity...

Interface information for node"rac2"

Interface Name IPAddress Subnet

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

eth0 192.168.20.201 192.168.20.0

eth1 10.10.10.101 10.10.10.0

Interface information for node"rac1"

Interface Name IP Address Subnet

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

eth0 192.168.20.200 192.168.20.0

eth1 10.10.10.100 10.10.10.0

Check: Node connectivity of subnet"192.168.20.0"

Source Destination Connected?

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2:eth0 rac1:eth0 yes

Result: Node connectivity check passed forsubnet "192.168.20.0" with node(s) rac2,rac1.

Check: Node connectivity of subnet"10.10.10.0"

Source Destination Connected?

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2:eth1 rac1:eth1 yes

Result: Node connectivity check passed forsubnet "10.10.10.0" with node(s) rac2,rac1.

Suitable interfaces for the privateinterconnect on subnet "192.168.20.0":

rac2 eth0:192.168.20.201

rac1 eth0:192.168.20.200

Suitable interfaces for the privateinterconnect on subnet "10.10.10.0":

rac2 eth1:10.10.10.101

rac1 eth1:10.10.10.100

ERROR:

Could not find a suitable set of interfacesfor VIPs.

Result: Node connectivity check failed.

Checking system requirements for 'crs'...

Check: Total memory

Node Name Available Required Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ----------

rac2 503.26MB(515340KB) 512MB (524288KB) failed

rac1 503.26MB(515340KB) 512MB (524288KB) failed

Result: Total memory check failed.

Check: Free disk space in "/tmp"dir

Node Name Available Required Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ----------

rac2 13.33GB (13979824KB) 400MB (409600KB) passed

rac1 13.22GB(13860900KB) 400MB (409600KB) passed

Result: Free disk space check passed.

Check: Swap space

Node Name Available Required Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ----------

rac2 1GB (1052248KB) 1GB (1048576KB) passed

rac1 1GB (1052248KB) 1GB (1048576KB) passed

Result: Swap space check passed.

Check: System architecture

Node Name Available Required Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ----------

rac2 i686 i686 passed

rac1 i686 i686 passed

Result: System architecture check passed.

Check: Kernel version

Node Name Available Required Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ ----------

rac2 2.6.18-164.el5 2.4.21-15EL passed

rac1 2.6.18-164.el5 2.4.21-15EL passed

Result: Kernel version check passed.

Check: Package existence for"make-3.79"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 make-3.81-3.el5 passed

rac1 make-3.81-3.el5 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"make-3.79".

Check: Package existence for "binutils-2.14"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 binutils-2.17.50.0.6-12.el5 passed

rac1 binutils-2.17.50.0.6-12.el5 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"binutils-2.14".

Check: Package existence for"gcc-3.2"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 gcc-4.1.2-46.el5 passed

rac1 gcc-4.1.2-46.el5 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"gcc-3.2".

Check: Package existence for"glibc-2.3.2-95.27"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 glibc-2.5-42 passed

rac1 glibc-2.5-42 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"glibc-2.3.2-95.27".

Check: Package existence for"compat-db-4.0.14-5"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 compat-db-4.2.52-5.1 passed

rac1 compat-db-4.2.52-5.1 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"compat-db-4.0.14-5".

Check: Package existence for"compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128 passed

rac1 compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128".

Check: Package existence for"compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128 passed

rac1 compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128".

Check: Package existence for"compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128 passed

rac1 compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128".

Check: Package existence for"compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128 passed

rac1 compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128".

Check: Package existence for"openmotif-2.2.3"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5 passed

rac1 openmotif-2.3.1-2.el5 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"openmotif-2.2.3".

Check: Package existence for "setarch-1.3-1"

Node Name Status Comment

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------------

rac2 setarch-2.0-1.1 passed

rac1 setarch-2.0-1.1 passed

Result: Package existence check passed for"setarch-1.3-1".

Check: Group existence for "dba"

Node Name Status Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

rac2 exists passed

rac1 exists passed

Result: Group existence check passed for"dba".

Check: Group existence for"oinstall"

Node Name Status Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

rac2 exists passed

rac1 exists passed

Result: Group existence check passed for"oinstall".

Check: User existence for"nobody"

Node Name Status Comment

------------ ------------------------ ------------------------

rac2 exists passed

rac1 exists passed

Result: User existence check passed for"nobody".

System requirement failed for 'crs'

Pre-check for cluster services setup wasunsuccessful on all the nodes.

其中有几项是可以不通过的：

因为是虚拟环境安装，我的内存大小不符合要求。

没有找vip网络，后面会通过运行vipca手动指定。

4.2 安装clusterware

注意:这里是在rac1上面安装的，所以我在配置时间同步的时候是让rac2来同步rac1，因为修改时间有可能造成系统重启。而且保守起见，rac1的时间最好比rac2快几秒。

安装需要图形界面，这里我是借组的Xmanager需要先运行：

exportDISPLAY=192.168.20.150:0.0;

安装就是运行 /u01/clusterware/runInstaller

点击“Next”

选择crs安装的目录，点击“Next”

这里会有一个警告，就是内存不足，手动勾选上，点击“Next”

这里是在rac1上面安装的，只会检查到rac1的配置，点击“add”，手动添加rac2的配置

点击“Next”

点击“Edit”，编辑网卡配置如下：

点击“Next”

填写ocr存放设备，然后点击“Next”

填写voting disk存放路径，然后点击“Next”

点击“Install”开始安装

安装的一定时候会弹出一个对话框要求以root身份运行脚本

建议脚本运行顺序：

rac1 /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

rac2 /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

rac1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh

rac2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh

在运行脚本之需要修改两个文件，这是一个bug：

修改$CRS_HOME/bin/vipca文件，增加标记为红色的那一行：

esac

unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL

ARGUMENTS=""

修改$CRS_HOME/bin/srvctl文件，增加标记为红色的那一行：

exportLD_ASSUME_KERNEL

unset LD_ASSUME_KERNEL

# Run opscontrol utility

rac1运行第二个脚本的输出：

[root@rac1 bin]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh

WARNING: directory'/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root

WARNING: directory'/u01/app/oracle/product' is not owned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle' is notowned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not ownedby root

WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned byroot

Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack isalready configured

/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating itnow.

Setting the permissions on OCR backupdirectory

Setting up NS directories

Oracle Cluster Registry configurationupgraded successfully

WARNING: directory'/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root

WARNING: directory'/u01/app/oracle/product' is not owned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle' is notowned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not ownedby root

WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned byroot

assigning default hostname rac1 for node 1.

assigning default hostname rac2 for node 2.

Successfully accumulated necessary OCRkeys.

Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898and EVMR=49897.

node <nodenumber>: <nodename><private interconnect name> <hostname>

node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1

node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2

Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp'root'..

Operation successful.

Now formatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw3

Now formatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw4

Now formatting voting device: /dev/raw/raw5

Format of 3 voting devices complete.

Startup will be queued to init within 90seconds.

Adding daemons to inittab

Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within600 seconds.

CSS is active on these nodes.

rac1

CSS is inactive on these nodes.

rac2

Local node checking complete.

Run root.sh on remaining nodes to start CRSdaemons.

rac2运行第二个脚本的输出：

[root@rac2 oracle]#/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/root.sh

WARNING: directory'/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0' is not owned by root

WARNING: directory'/u01/app/oracle/product' is not owned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle' is notowned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not ownedby root

WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned byroot

Checking to see if Oracle CRS stack isalready configured

Setting the permissions on OCR backupdirectory

Setting up NS directories

Oracle Cluster Registry configurationupgraded successfully

WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0'is not owned by root

WARNING: directory'/u01/app/oracle/product' is not owned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app/oracle' is notowned by root

WARNING: directory '/u01/app' is not ownedby root

WARNING: directory '/u01' is not owned byroot

clscfg: EXISTING configuration version 3detected.

clscfg: version 3 is 10G Release 2.

assigning default hostname rac1 for node 1.

assigning default hostname rac2 for node 2.

Successfully accumulated necessary OCRkeys.

Using ports: CSS=49895 CRS=49896 EVMC=49898and EVMR=49897.

node <nodenumber>: <nodename><private interconnect name> <hostname>

node 1: rac1 rac1-priv rac1

node 2: rac2 rac2-priv rac2

clscfg: Arguments check out successfully.

NO KEYS WERE WRITTEN. Supply -forceparameter to override.

-force is destructive and will destroy anyprevious cluster

configuration.

Oracle Cluster Registry for cluster hasalready been initialized

Startup will be queued to init within 90seconds.

Adding daemons to inittab

Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within600 seconds.

CSS is active on these nodes.

rac1

rac2

CSS is active on all nodes.

Waiting for the Oracle CRSD and EVMD tostart

Oracle CRS stack installed and runningunder init(1M)

Running vipca(silent) for configuringnodeapps

The given interface(s), "eth0" isnot public. Public interfaces should be used to configure virtual IPs.

rac2运行完毕，后面有个错误“eth0 is not public”，是正常错误，这个错误就是在运行vipca来修复的。

4.3 运行vipca

在rac2上以root用户运行vipca

[root@rac2 oracle]# cd/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/

[root@rac2 bin]# exportDISPLAY=192.168.20.150:0.0;

[root@rac2 bin]# ./vipca

点击“Next”

填写如上内容，点击“Next”

点击“Finish”

开始创建，等到100%的时候

点击“OK”

点击“Exit”就消失了

但还有一个窗口存在

运行完脚本之后点击“OK”，会进行一些检查，如果通过就能看见如下页面

点击“Exit”和“Yes”至此集群软件就安装完成了！

4.4 检查安装

在rac1和rac2上面执行下面操作，可以看见如下内容：

[oracle@rac1 clusterware]$ olsnodes

rac1

rac2

[oracle@rac1 clusterware]$ crsctl check crs

CSS appears healthy

CRS appears healthy

EVM appears healthy

[oracle@rac1 clusterware]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

一定要所有的都“ONLINE”，才表示安装成功，可以继续后面的操作！

4.5 常见错误

如果看见：No such file ordirectory就是因为在执行脚本前没有修改那两个文件。

如果遇见：Error 0(Native:listNetInterfaces:[3]) 解决办法：

[root@rac2 bin]# ./oifcfg iflist

eth0 192.168.20.0

eth1 10.10.10.0

[root@rac2 bin]# ./oifcfg setif -globaleth0/192.168.20.0:public

[root@rac2 bin]# ./oifcfg setif -globaleth1/10.10.10.0:cluster_interconnect

[root@rac2 bin]# ./oifcfg getif

eth0 192.168.20.0 global public

eth1 10.10.10.0 global cluster_interconnect

如果在安装过程弹出一个警告框，是因为rac1的时间比rac2走得快，可以忽略，不会影响后面的使用。

5. 安装Oracle Database

注意：安装oracle数据库的时候推荐只安装数据库软件，创建数据库后面使用dbca来创建。

[oracle@rac1 clusterware]$ exportDISPLAY=192.168.20.150:0.0;

[oracle@rac1 clusterware]$ cd/u01/database/

[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller

点击“Next”

选择“Enterprise Edition”，然后点击“Next”

点击“Next”

点击“Select All”，然后点击“Next”

手动勾选内存不足那个警告，然后点击“Next”

选择只安装软件，不创建数据库，然后点击“Next”

点击“Install”开始安装数据库

到安装到一定时候会弹出对话框，要求以root用户执行脚本

建议执行顺序：

rac1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

rac2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

执行完毕后点击“OK”

点击“Exit”和“Yes”，至此数据库软件也安装成功了！

6. 配置Listener

6.1 安装

[oracle@rac1 database]$ exportDISPLAY=192.168.20.150:0.0;

[oracle@rac1 database]$ netca

选择集群配置，点击“Next”

选择所有节点都配置，点击“Next”

选择配置监听器，点击“Next”

选择增加一个监听器，点击“Next”

可以给监听器取名，一般都选择默认，这里我也不追求个性了，点击“Next”

一般只需要TCP既可，点击“Next”

可以给监听器指定端口好，这里也选择默认，点击“Next”

选择no，不配置；另一个监听器了，点击“Next”

点击“Next”

点击“Finish”，配置监听器非常简单，总之就是一路Next，全部默认既可。

6.2 检查

可以查看监听器安装成功没有：

[oracle@rac2 ~]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

7. 创建ASM

[oracle@rac1 database]$ exportDISPLAY=192.168.20.150:0.0;

[oracle@rac1 database]$ dbca

点击“Next”

选择“Configure AutomaticStorage Management”，然后点击“Next”

点击“Select All”，然后点击“Next”

设置管理员密码（sys和system用户），这里asm实例的参数文件要选择pfile，然后点击“Next”会弹出对话框，点击“OK”。开始创建asm实例

点击“Create Now”创近磁盘组，然后点击“Finish”。

8. 创建Database

8.1 安装

[oracle@rac1 database]$ exportDISPLAY=192.168.20.150:0.0;

[oracle@rac1 database]$ dbca

点击“Next”

选择创建数据库，点击“Next”

选择给所遇节点都创建，选择“Select All”，然后点击“Next”

选择“Custom Database”，自定义数据库，然后点击Next

输入sid，必须和前面oracle用户配置的ORACLE_SID一样，然后点击“Next”

因为这里是实验环境，就不选择安装EM了，生产环境可以考虑，然后“Next”

EM就是以借组浏览器，通过图形界面来管理数据库。

输入管理员密码（sys和system），然后点击“Next”

选择“ASM”，然后点击“Next”

选择存放数据文件的磁盘，然后“Next”

点击“Next”

指定闪回区和启用归档模式，这个在生产环境是必须的，点击“Next”

因为实验环境，所有的组件都不安装了，点击“Next”

点击“Next”

这里可以设置分配个数据库的内存大小和数据库的字符集等信息。点击“Next”

注意数据库字符集只能在创建数据库的时候选择，一旦数据库创建好以后，数据库字符集不能修改，生成环境应该慎重考虑。

点击“Next”

点击“Finish”

点击“OK”，开始创建数据库

这个过程可能相对比较漫长，等待一段时间，安装结束

点击“Exit”，会启动rac1和rac2的实例

启动完毕所有的窗口就会自动关闭了。至此，恭喜，你已经成功的搭建的rac环境了！

8.2 检查

[oracle@rac1 database]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora.orcl.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora....l1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....l2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl statusnodeapps -n rac1

VIP is running on node: rac1

GSD is running on node: rac1

Listener is running on node: rac1

ONS daemon is running on node: rac1

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl statusnodeapps -n rac2

VIP is running on node: rac2

GSD is running on node: rac2

Listener is running on node: rac2

ONS daemon is running on node: rac2

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl status asm-n rac1

ASM instance +ASM1 is running on node rac1.

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl status asm-n rac2

ASM instance +ASM2 is running on node rac2.

8.3 停止rac

srvctl stop service -d <databasename> -s <service name>

srvctl stop database -d <databasename>

srvctl stop asm -n <node1 hostname>

srvctl stop asm -n <node2 hostname>

srvctl stop nodeapps -n <node1hostname>

srvctl stop nodeapps -n <node2 hostname>

crs_stat –t

实际操作命令：（只需在一个主机上面执行既可）

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl stop service-d orcl

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl stopdatabase -d orcl

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl stop asm -nrac1

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl stop asm -nrac2

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl stopnodeapps -n rac1

[oracle@rac1 database]$ srvctl stopnodeapps -n rac2

[oracle@rac1 database]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora.orcl.db application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora....l1.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora....l2.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora....SM1.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora....C1.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.rac1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.rac1.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.rac1.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora....SM2.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora....C2.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.rac2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.rac2.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.rac2.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE

8.4 启动rac

srvctl start nodeapps -n <node1hostname>

srvctl start nodeapps -n <node2hostname>

srvctl start asm -n <node1 hostname>

srvctl start asm -n <node2 hostname>

srvctl start database -d <databasename>

srvctl start service -d <databasename> -s <service name>

crs_stat –t

实际操作命令：（只需在一个主机上面执行既可）

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start nodeapps -nrac2

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start nodeapps -nrac1

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start asm -n rac2

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start asm -n rac1

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start database -dorcl

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start service -dorcl

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t

Name Type Target State Host

------------------------------------------------------------

ora.orcl.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....l1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....l2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2

9. 体验Failover

9.1 客户机的hosts文件

Windows系统在 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

Linux系统在 /etc/hosts

加入如下内容：

192.168.20.200 rac1

192.168.20.201 rac2

192.168.20.210 rac1-vip

192.168.20.211 rac2-vip

9.2 客户端的tnsname.ora

编辑客户端的tnsname.ora加入如下内容：

orcl =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

)

(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

(FAILOVER_MODE =

(TYPE = SELECT)

(METHOD = BASIC)

(RETRIES = 180)

(DELAY = 5)

)

9.3 体验failover

开始运行打开一个cmd窗口用sqlplus连接到rac数据库，可以看见当前为我们服务的是orcl1实例，也就是rac1主机：

然后登录到rac1主机，用abort命令关闭数据库，模拟断电，主机突然垮掉：

最后，再一次在客户端那个连接中执行查询：（等待几秒）

可以看见当前为我们服务的orac2这个数据库了，也就是rac2主机。这就是rac透明故障切换，客户端是察觉不到后台数据库有一个节点已经死掉。

10. 使用JDBC连接RAC

测试代码：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

String clszz = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";

String url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac1-vip)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac1-vip)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)))";

String username = "system";

String password = "oracle";

Class.forName(clszz);

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username, password);

System.out.println(conn);

}

输出：

oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection@16930e2

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磁盘	大小	磁盘名	接口
/dev/sdb	400M	sdb.vmdk	1：0
/dev/sdc	600M	sdc.vmdk	1：1
/dev/sdd	5G	sdd.vmdk	1：2
/dev/sde	5G	sde.vmdk	1：3
/dev/sdf	5G	sdf.vmdk	1：4
/dev/sdg	5G	sdg.vmdk	1：5