linux学习入门8——使用fdisk进行磁盘管理（linuxcast.net）

1.fdisk进行磁盘分区（如图）rescue版本安装在U盘，光盘中。基于MBR分区机制，GPT用parted 分区工具2.使用说明（在Oracle VM virtualBox中为虚拟机添加一块硬盘，以便用于实验）（1）fdisk -l 列出计算机上安装的硬盘及其分区信息。（两个又添加了一个）fdisk -l:Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB,

G1036583997

1291人浏览 · 2013-03-11 17:41:29

G1036583997 · 2013-03-11 17:41:29 发布

1.fdisk进行磁盘分区（如图）

rescue版本安装在U盘，光盘中。基于MBR分区机制，

GPT用parted 分区工具

2.使用说明（在Oracle VM virtualBox中为虚拟机添加一块硬盘，以便用于实验）

（1）fdisk -l 列出计算机上安装的硬盘及其分区信息。（两个又添加了一个）

fdisk -l:

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders, total 104857600 sectors ---->>>>6527个柱面，每个柱面有63个扇区，每个扇区有255个磁头
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes ---------->>>>> 最终大小：6527*63*255*512bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00021777

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 102762495 51380224 83 Linux ----->>>分区号，起始柱面和结束柱面也就是大小，后面是分区大小，id代表分区的类型，system是对id的解释
/dev/sda2 102764542 104855551 1045505 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 102764544 104855551 1045504 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table --------------->>>>>>>>>>没有分区表

（2）直接使用fdisk+ 要分区的磁盘名称，进行分区

fdisk /dev/sdb -------->>>>>进入分区交互式界面

键入命令：n 会提示你想建立一个什么样的分区

e :扩展分区

P :主分区(只能创建4个)之前的一节讲过

root@ming-computer:~# fdisk /dev/
Display all 203 possibilities? (y or n)
root@ming-computer:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf59855f8.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf59855f8

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n ---->>>>>创建新分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) ------------------>>>>>>>>>>>创建主分区
e extended ------------------>>>>>>>创建扩展分区
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-16777215, default 2048): 2048 ------->>>>>起始柱面
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-16777215, default 16777215): +2G -------->>>>大小格式：+大小单位

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf59855f8

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux ------------>>>>>>>>创建主分区成功

Command (m for help):

接下来创建扩展分区

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): e ---------------->>>>>>>>>>>创建扩展分区
Partition number (1-4, default 2): 2
First sector (4196352-16777215, default 4196352): ---------->>>>>>>>>>>默认
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-16777215, default 16777215): ---------->>>>>>>默认为剩余全部，还要在扩展分区的基础上创建逻辑分区

Using default value 16777215

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf59855f8

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 4196352 16777215 6290432 5 Extended ------>>>>>>创建成功，扩展分区不能使用，创建逻辑分区才能使用

一般情况下将系统创建在主分区之上其余的都放在逻辑分区之上

接下来创建逻辑分区：再按n

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5) ----->>>>>>逻辑分区的号永远是从5开始的
Select (default p): l

Adding logical partition 5
First sector (4198400-16777215, default 4198400): ------->>>和刚才创建扩展分区时的数字是一样的
Using default value 4198400
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4198400-16777215, default 16777215): +2G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf59855f8

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux ------------>>>>主分区
/dev/sdb2 4196352 16777215 6290432 5 Extended ---------->>>>扩展分区
/dev/sdb5 4198400 8392703 2097152 83 Linux ------------->>>>>2G的逻辑分区

为了方便系统识别还要指定id，id是用来表示这个分区是个什么样的分区

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 1 ------------------>>>>>>>>>>>第一个分区sdb1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L -------------->>>>>>列出所有的类型

0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list codes): 83 -------------->>>>>>>>>>>83是Linux型

Command (m for help):

到这之前的操作还可以反悔，因为没有保存，写到MBR中，用w命令

Command (m for help): w --------->>>>>存储
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

查看操作结果。

root@ming-computer:~# ls /dev/sdb*
/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5 ------->>>>>新的分区信息，有的时候可能还未更新，需要使用partprobe进行更新
root@ming-computer:~#

root@ming-computer:~# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders, total 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00021777

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 102762495 51380224 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 102764542 104855551 1045505 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 102764544 104855551 1045504 82 Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders, total 16777216 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xf59855f8

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 4196352 16777215 6290432 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 4198400 8392703 2097152 83 Linux
root@ming-computer:~# cat /proc/partitions ----------->>>>>>>>>>还可以查看这个文件，也会列出相应信息
major minor #blocks name

8 0 52428800 sda
8 1 51380224 sda1
8 2 1 sda2
8 5 1045504 sda5
8 16 8388608 sdb
8 17 2097152 sdb1
8 18 1 sdb2
8 21 2097152 sdb5
11 0 1048575 sr0
root@ming-computer:~#