Docker 学习笔记
之前也有学过Docker，然而由于用的不多，只不过是囫囵吞枣，浅藏辄止而已。所以，再来熟悉熟悉罢了。我用的虚拟机来弄，虚拟机之前是安装的 centOS7，docker我记得也在虚拟机安装过，所以一上来就来了个 docker images 命令，结果，就报错了，最后按照网上的教程重启了一下好了。[root@master ~]# docker imagesCannot connect to the D
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docker run 命令参数
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
-d, --detach=false 指定容器运行于前台还是后台，默认为false
-i, --interactive=false 打开STDIN，用于控制台交互
-t, --tty=false 分配tty设备，该可以支持终端登录，默认为false
-u, --user="" 指定容器的用户
-a, --attach=[] 登录容器（必须是以docker run -d启动的容器）
-w, --workdir="" 指定容器的工作目录
-c, --cpu-shares=0 设置容器CPU权重，在CPU共享场景使用
-e, --env=[] 指定环境变量，容器中可以使用该环境变量
-m, --memory="" 指定容器的内存上限
-P, --publish-all=false 指定容器暴露的端口
-p, --publish=[] 指定容器暴露的端口
-h, --hostname="" 指定容器的主机名
-v, --volume=[] 给容器挂载存储卷，挂载到容器的某个目录
--volumes-from=[] 给容器挂载其他容器上的卷，挂载到容器的某个目录
--cap-add=[] 添加权限，权限清单详见：http://linux.die.net/man/7/capabilities
--cap-drop=[] 删除权限，权限清单详见：http://linux.die.net/man/7/capabilities
--cidfile="" 运行容器后，在指定文件中写入容器PID值，一种典型的监控系统用法
--cpuset="" 设置容器可以使用哪些CPU，此参数可以用来容器独占CPU
--device=[] 添加主机设备给容器，相当于设备直通
--dns=[] 指定容器的dns服务器
--dns-search=[] 指定容器的dns搜索域名，写入到容器的/etc/resolv.conf文件
--entrypoint="" 覆盖image的入口点
--env-file=[] 指定环境变量文件，文件格式为每行一个环境变量
--expose=[] 指定容器暴露的端口，即修改镜像的暴露端口
--link=[] 指定容器间的关联，使用其他容器的IP、env等信息
--lxc-conf=[] 指定容器的配置文件，只有在指定--exec-driver=lxc时使用
--name="" 指定容器名字，后续可以通过名字进行容器管理，links特性需要使用名字
--net="bridge" 容器网络设置:
bridge 使用docker daemon指定的网桥
host //容器使用主机的网络
container:NAME_or_ID >//使用其他容器的网路，共享IP和PORT等网络资源
none 容器使用自己的网络（类似--net=bridge），但是不进行配置
--privileged=false 指定容器是否为特权容器，特权容器拥有所有的capabilities
--restart="no" 指定容器停止后的重启策略:
no：容器退出时不重启
on-failure：容器故障退出（返回值非零）时重启
always：容器退出时总是重启
--rm=false 指定容器停止后自动删除容器(不支持以docker run -d启动的容器)
--sig-proxy=true 设置由代理接受并处理信号，但是SIGCHLD、SIGSTOP和SIGKILL不能被代理Hello World
之前也有学过Docker，然而由于平时用的时候不多，整个学习过程不过是囫囵吞枣，浅藏辄止而已。所以再来熟悉熟悉罢了（以备后续自查）。docker正常的 hello world 应该是这样的，不过也可以用其他镜像来输出 “hello world”。
[root@master ~]# docker pull hello-world
[root@master ~]# docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
我用的是 centOS7 的虚拟机，docker我记得也在虚拟机安装过，所以一上来就来了个 docker images 命令，结果，就报错了。因为我虚拟机少不了要频繁的开开关关，所以启动后要记得启动docker服务，最后按照网上的教程重启了一下好了。
[root@master ~]# docker images
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# service docker restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart docker.service
[root@master ~]# service docker status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status docker.service
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-07-18 12:38:33 CST; 16s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 2039 (dockerd)
Tasks: 13
Memory: 156.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─2039 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Jul 18 12:38:30 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:30.277660215+08:00" level=info msg="pickfirstBalancer: Handl...le=grpc
Jul 18 12:38:30 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:30.278112890+08:00" level=info msg="pickfirstBalancer: Handl...le=grpc
Jul 18 12:38:31 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:31.043399929+08:00" level=info msg="[graphdriver] using prio...erlay2"
Jul 18 12:38:32 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:32.638615621+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Jul 18 12:38:33 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:33.209006424+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0)...ddress"
Jul 18 12:38:33 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:33.274649719+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Jul 18 12:38:33 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:33.659005690+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=6a...19.03.2
Jul 18 12:38:33 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:33.659723430+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed ini...zation"
Jul 18 12:38:33 master dockerd[2039]: time="2020-07-18T12:38:33.719042892+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/d...r.sock"
Jul 18 12:38:33 master systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> faa63f80f414 10 months ago 129MB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 18 months ago 1.84kB
redis 3.2 87856cc39862 21 months ago 76MB
不过，刚上来，还是来个 "hello world" ，我准备用镜像 ubuntu:15.10 来运行这个 “hello world”。当然，由于我镜像库里边还没有这个镜像，所以它自动给我下载了一个：
[root@master ~]# docker run ubuntu:15.10 /bin/echo "hello world"
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:15.10' locally
15.10: Pulling from library/ubuntu
7dcf5a444392: Pull complete
759aa75f3cee: Pull complete
3fa871dc8a2b: Pull complete
224c42ae46e7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:02521a2d079595241c6793b2044f02eecf294034f31d6e235ac4b2b54ffc41f3
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:15.10
hello world
再次查看本地镜像时，已经有了ubuntu:15.10这个镜像了：
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> faa63f80f414 10 months ago 129MB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 18 months ago 1.84kB
redis 3.2 87856cc39862 21 months ago 76MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
然后加上 -it 参数试试（这样就可以直接进入到镜像创建的容器内了）：
-
-t: 在新容器内指定一个伪终端或终端。
-
-i: 允许你对容器内的标准输入 (STDIN) 进行交互
再查看一下目录结构，是不是和你见过的 Ubuntu 系统很像？
[root@master ~]# docker run -it ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
root@7481a5986831:/# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Jul 29 17:46:05 UTC 2019
root@7481a5986831:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var也可以使用 -d 参数启动后台模式，并使用 docker logs查看标准输出：
[root@master ~]# docker run -d ubuntu:15.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
7a9868d2bd3fe7776d74a3e87a1ea6424f5e1b480e568d49347d08397b51d933
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7a9868d2bd3f ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 11 seconds ago Up 10 seconds trusting_wozniak
[root@master ~]# docker logs 7a9868d2bd3
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
使用 docker stop 停止容器，至于容器ID（CONTAINER ID），原始的容器ID比较长，比如此例当作，原始的CONTAINER ID：7a9868d2bd3fe7776d74a3e87a1ea6424f5e1b480e568d49347d08397b51d933，自己使用的时候可以截取前面一部分，只要 docker 能自己找到相应的容器就没有太大影响：
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7a9868d2bd3f ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes trusting_wozniak
[root@master ~]# docker stop 7a9868d2
7a9868d2
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master ~]#
当然，如果你自己没有主动指定容器名称的话，也可以使用自动分配的容器名称来进行操作：
[root@master ~]# docker run -d ubuntu:15.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
5128468ffe061ca4848af54d74b78465273beacc736de03b30d8e6d74c008459
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5128468ffe06 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds pedantic_stallman
[root@master ~]# docker stop pedan
Error response from daemon: No such container: pedan
[root@master ~]# docker stop pedantic_stallman
pedantic_stallman
容器使用
容器常用操作
docker run -it --name vm1 ubuntu bash #创建容器
docker ps -a #查看容器状态
docker attach vm1 #连接容器
docker top vm1 #查看容器进程
docker logs vm1 #查看容器指令输出 -f 参数可以实时查看
docker inspect vm1 #查看容器详情
docker stats vm1 #查看容器资源使用率
docker diff vm1 #查看容器修改
docker run -d --name vm1 ubuntu bash -c "while true; do echo westos; sleep 1; done" #后台运行
docker stop vm1 #停止容器
docker start vm1 #启动容器
docker kill vm1 #强制干掉容器
docker restart vm1 #重启容器
docker pause/unpause vm1 #暂停/恢复容器
docker rm vm1 #删除容器
docker export vm1 > vm1.tar #导出容器
docker import vm1.tar image #导入容器为镜像 image
基本命令
输入docker，可以看到 docker 的命令和选项有这么些些：
root@master ~]# docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context
use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
启动容器
docker run -it ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
docker start <container-name>
# 第一次通过镜像实例化容器并启动
[root@master ~]# docker run -it ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
root@7481a5986831:/#
# 再次启动可以通过 CONTAINER ID或者容器名称进行启动
[root@master ~]# docker start 7481a5986831
7481a5986831
[root@master ~]# docker start exciting_noyce
exciting_noyce
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7481a5986831 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 24 minutes ago Up About a minute exciting_noyce
退出容器
exit
root@7481a5986831:/# exit
exit
后台运行
docker run -d ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
[root@master ~]# docker run -d ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
941bc1424c7a33fc48f107fc6c4be4fff585eb5a12c997905f3e93b565d63bb9
停止容器
docker stop <container-name>
[root@master ~]# docker stop 50126c772ac6
50126c772ac6
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
命名容器
docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
# 不手动命名的话，会自动生成随机名称。使用--name ubuntu-test指定容器名称
[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name ubuntu-test ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
f3e86f6694437356b2b66de34797d8c9a8081acc5abee570c18cf2dbeb1e82ea
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3e86f669443 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds ubuntu-test
重命名容器
docker rename <old-name> <new-name>
[root@master workspace]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
45cc1f7e4abd ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds goofy_perlman
[root@master workspace]# docker rename goofy_perlman looking
[root@master workspace]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
45cc1f7e4abd ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 35 seconds ago Up 34 seconds looking
[root@master workspace]#
查看活动容器
docker ps
# 这个命令仅查看活动的容器
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
50126c772ac6 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds查看所有容器
docker ps -a
# 包含已停止等容器的查看
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3e86f669443 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago ubuntu-test
50126c772ac6 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago elegant_lovelace
941bc1424c7a ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 14 minutes ago quirky_booth
4a02b0442f15 hello-world "/hello" 16 minutes ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago amazing_perlman
7481a5986831 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Exited (0) 17 minutes ago exciting_noyce
c23328f94a64 hello-world "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Created boring_benz
5128468ffe06 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 2 hours ago Exited (137) 2 hours ago pedantic_stallman
7a9868d2bd3f ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 2 hours ago Exited (137) 2 hours ago trusting_wozniak
ee7f3dc08a50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago flamboyant_booth
89e4fe6fd9ee ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago gifted_black
e28a462bd4b3 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago epic_edison
3d4514ad0af7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago hopeful_hermann
1838455c70e7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago heuristic_mendeleev
a76143c7b736 faa63f80f414 "/bin/sh -c 'set -x …" 10 months ago Exited (137) 10 months ago admiring_colden
进入容器
docker attach <container-name>
# 使用attach进入容器，如果从这个容器退出，会导致容器的停止。
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7481a5986831 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 30 minutes ago Up 52 seconds exciting_noyce
[root@master ~]# docker attach 7481a5986831
root@7481a5986831:/#
root@7481a5986831:/# exit
exit
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 使用exec进入容器，如果从这个容器退出，不会导致容器的停止。
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7481a5986831 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 30 minutes ago Up 4 seconds exciting_noyce
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it 7481a5986831 /bin/bash
root@7481a5986831:/# exit
exit
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7481a5986831 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 30 minutes ago Up 52 seconds exciting_noyce
导出容器
docker export <container-name> > ubuntu.tar
导出以后，可以在目录结构下看到多了一个ubuntu.tar文件
[root@master ~]# docker export 7481a5986831 > ubuntu.tar
[root@master ~]# ll
total 121748
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 162 Sep 6 2019 deeplearning
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 150 May 19 15:46 django_project
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13185 Sep 18 2019 get-docker.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 182 Mar 24 09:19 GitTest
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 439 Apr 28 13:39 ip-address.py
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 195 Apr 21 10:17 looking
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 96 Mar 25 11:03 PaodingAI
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 90 Apr 2 14:28 passwd.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 May 16 2019 pycorrector
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3889 Apr 27 14:49 render.html
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 95 Apr 8 14:37 test.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 38513 Apr 27 14:31 test.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124584448 Jul 18 17:16 ubuntu.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 276 Apr 27 14:34 user.txt
导入容器
导入以后，我们可以从本地镜像看到多了一个 test/ubuntu 镜像
[root@master ~]# cat ubuntu.tar | docker import - test/ubuntu:v1
sha256:7e7c29ee095d13887bec8c8c031c435b69c0ed5b13e2e20929adc3f45409784e
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test/ubuntu v1 7e7c29ee095d 6 seconds ago 119MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
删除容器
docker rm -f <container-name>
删除单个容器
[root@master ~]# docker stop exciting_noyce
exciting_noyce
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3e86f669443 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago ubuntu-test
50126c772ac6 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago elegant_lovelace
941bc1424c7a ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago quirky_booth
4a02b0442f15 hello-world "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago amazing_perlman
7481a5986831 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago exciting_noyce
c23328f94a64 hello-world "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Created boring_benz
5128468ffe06 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 hours ago Exited (137) 3 hours ago pedantic_stallman
7a9868d2bd3f ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 4 hours ago Exited (137) 3 hours ago trusting_wozniak
ee7f3dc08a50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago flamboyant_booth
89e4fe6fd9ee ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago gifted_black
e28a462bd4b3 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago epic_edison
3d4514ad0af7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago hopeful_hermann
1838455c70e7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago heuristic_mendeleev
a76143c7b736 faa63f80f414 "/bin/sh -c 'set -x …" 10 months ago Exited (137) 10 months ago admiring_colden
[root@master ~]# docker rm -f exciting_noyce
exciting_noyce
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3e86f669443 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago ubuntu-test
50126c772ac6 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago elegant_lovelace
941bc1424c7a ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago quirky_booth
4a02b0442f15 hello-world "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago amazing_perlman
c23328f94a64 hello-world "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Created boring_benz
5128468ffe06 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 hours ago Exited (137) 3 hours ago pedantic_stallman
7a9868d2bd3f ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 4 hours ago Exited (137) 3 hours ago trusting_wozniak
ee7f3dc08a50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago flamboyant_booth
89e4fe6fd9ee ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago gifted_black
e28a462bd4b3 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago epic_edison
3d4514ad0af7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago hopeful_hermann
1838455c70e7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago heuristic_mendeleev
a76143c7b736 faa63f80f414 "/bin/sh -c 'set -x …" 10 months ago Exited (137) 10 months ago admiring_colden
清除容器
docker container prune
清理掉所有处于终止状态的容器（谨慎使用）
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3e86f669443 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago ubuntu-test
50126c772ac6 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago elegant_lovelace
941bc1424c7a ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago quirky_booth
4a02b0442f15 hello-world "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago amazing_perlman
c23328f94a64 hello-world "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Created boring_benz
5128468ffe06 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 hours ago Exited (137) 3 hours ago pedantic_stallman
7a9868d2bd3f ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 4 hours ago Exited (137) 4 hours ago trusting_wozniak
ee7f3dc08a50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago flamboyant_booth
89e4fe6fd9ee ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago gifted_black
e28a462bd4b3 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago epic_edison
3d4514ad0af7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago hopeful_hermann
1838455c70e7 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/echo 'hello wo…" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago heuristic_mendeleev
a76143c7b736 faa63f80f414 "/bin/sh -c 'set -x …" 10 months ago Exited (137) 10 months ago admiring_colden
[root@master ~]# docker container prune
WARNING! This will remove all stopped containers.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Containers:
f3e86f6694437356b2b66de34797d8c9a8081acc5abee570c18cf2dbeb1e82ea
50126c772ac616d51152498552abaf8551a35bcd1defb70042f90ff9b36f2bde
941bc1424c7a33fc48f107fc6c4be4fff585eb5a12c997905f3e93b565d63bb9
4a02b0442f151f0444fe639b9ff0dcb9cff41d19f24159c0f3d34f22ded9c189
c23328f94a64390a128cf4666625ef40eda64c330aa39c06611b68abe7e90820
5128468ffe061ca4848af54d74b78465273beacc736de03b30d8e6d74c008459
7a9868d2bd3fe7776d74a3e87a1ea6424f5e1b480e568d49347d08397b51d933
ee7f3dc08a50a0a803403ffb026b7881e0c95661d67bad60da79aaba90d470cf
89e4fe6fd9ee1759c0fbd14c35a647b07c81bfbf05eac7143e9662e58380d318
e28a462bd4b34209d3bf58126a4fd27deb4d9d74de79648f90d7aa78ec2e266c
3d4514ad0af7c4fbebc7fb0cd798f88137aff4c0d55346fb89f46135703c83eb
1838455c70e78e8ba8034a54c27a4a6e759de368a1ad617d9d019569a2e981c1
a76143c7b736e374e4430751bab03f4b779bd211abdaa931a0ea649fd295e16a
Total reclaimed space: 37.27MB
[root@master ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
Web应用容器实例
web应用容器启动
# 先载入webapp镜像
[root@master ~]# docker pull training/webapp
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from training/webapp
[DEPRECATION NOTICE] registry v2 schema1 support will be removed in an upcoming release. Please contact admins of the docker.io registry NOW to avoid future disruption.
e190868d63f8: Pull complete
909cd34c6fd7: Pull complete
0b9bfabab7c1: Pull complete
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete
10bbbc0fc0ff: Pull complete
fca59b508e9f: Pull complete
e7ae2541b15b: Pull complete
9dd97ef58ce9: Pull complete
a4c1b0cb7af7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:06e9c1983bd6d5db5fba376ccd63bfa529e8d02f23d5079b8f74a616308fb11d
Status: Downloaded newer image for training/webapp:latest
docker.io/training/webapp:latest
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test/ubuntu v1 7e7c29ee095d About an hour ago 119MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 5 years ago 349MB
# 使用镜像生成一个docker容器并在其中中运行一个 Python Flask 应用来运行一个web应用
[root@master ~]# docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
3a0953bcbd9a45367f14944746620b5ade508025f40afb048439e144ed088fd6
# -P:将容器内部使用的网络端口随机映射到我们使用的主机上
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a0953bcbd9a training/webapp "python app.py" 6 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp fervent_nobel
Docker 开放了 5000 端口（默认 Python Flask 端口）映射到主机（我的centOS虚拟机）端口 32768 上。
运行容器查看
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
90852ef0a131 training/webapp "python app.py" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds 0.0.0.0:32769->5000/tcp web-test
3a0953bcbd9a training/webapp "python app.py" 20 minutes ago Up 20 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp fervent_nobel
容器应用程序日志查看
[root@master ~]# docker logs fervent_nobel
* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:49:37] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:49:37] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:50:01] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:50:01] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:52:28] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
[root@master ~]# docker logs -f fervent_nobel
# -f: 让 docker logs 像使用 tail -f 一样来输出容器内部的标准输出。
* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:49:37] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:49:37] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:50:01] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:50:01] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:52:28] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
192.168.128.1 - - [18/Jul/2020 10:53:51] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
容器应用程序进程查看
[root@master ~]# docker top fervent_nobel
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 9622 9604 0 18:45 ? 00:00:00 python app.py
容器网络端口映射查看
[root@master ~]# docker port fervent_nobel
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32768
容器启动
[root@master ~]# docker start fervent_nobel
fervent_nobel
容器重启
[root@master ~]# docker restart fervent_nobel
fervent_nobel
容器停止
[root@master ~]# docker stop fervent_nobel
fervent_nobel
容器移除
# 正常移除（需要先停止容器）
[root@master ~]# docker rm fervent_nobel
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 3a0953bcbd9a45367f14944746620b5ade508025f40afb048439e144ed088fd6. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@master ~]# docker stop fervent_nobel
fervent_nobel
[root@master ~]# docker rm fervent_nobel
fervent_nobel
# 强制移除 使用 -f （force）参数
[root@master ~]# docker rm -f fervent_nobel
fervent_nobel
镜像使用
查找镜像
第一次这么查找的时候，报错了。据说是docker镜像地址的原因，如果不行就换一个镜像再重启试一下。
[root@master ~]# docker search mysql
Error response from daemon: Get https://index.docker.io/v1/search?q=mysql&n=25: net/http: TLS handshake timeout
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/docker/
[root@master docker]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 61 Jul 18 20:12 daemon.json
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 67 Sep 19 2019 daemon.json.rpmsave
-rw-------. 1 root root 244 Sep 17 2019 key.json
# 修改为阿里云镜像
[root@master docker]# vi daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://r9xxm8z8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master docker]# systemctl daemon-reload # 重载daemon文件
[root@master docker]# service docker restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart docker.service
[root@master docker]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9743 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3554 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 713 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 77
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 73
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 61 [OK]
bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 44 [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]
tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database se… 35
schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup… 30 [OK]
prom/mysqld-exporter 29 [OK]
databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 27
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe… 25
circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 19
centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 19
mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing be… 16
arey/mysql-client Run a MySQL client from a docker container 14 [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas… 8 [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image… 6
genschsa/mysql-employees MySQL Employee Sample Database 5 [OK]
devilbox/mysql Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici… 3
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 2 [OK]
widdpim/mysql-client Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl… 1 [OK]
jelastic/mysql An image of the MySQL database server mainta… 1
monasca/mysql-init A minimal decoupled init container for mysql 0 列出镜像
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB拉取镜像
[root@master ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:49a1c8800c94df04e9658809b006fd8a686cab8028d33cfba2cc049724254202
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker.io/library/hello-world:latest
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
删除镜像
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> faa63f80f414 10 months ago 129MB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 18 months ago 1.84kB
redis 3.2 87856cc39862 21 months ago 76MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
[root@master ~]# docker rmi redis:3.2 # 一般使用 REPOSITORY:TAG来删除镜像
Untagged: redis:3.2
Untagged: redis@sha256:7b0a40301bc1567205e6461c5bf94c38e1e1ad0169709e49132cafc47f6b51f3
Deleted: sha256:87856cc39862cec77541d68382e4867d7ccb29a85a17221446c857ddaebca916
Deleted: sha256:6650bf9ad80dc21652fb0a98eb55be7a30a860fbb0b76b2a542ee0af4111b890
Deleted: sha256:9a7166b18cebf0cff5d029c76f0104abb28b37a75e540d152a3165ea34bb77bb
Deleted: sha256:cf1be06e96098c6a378519ceb223d87a04f2a556df061bde1003db5f43337912
Deleted: sha256:7ae66985fd3a3a132fab51b4a43ed32fd14174179ad8c3041262670523a6104c
Deleted: sha256:bf45690ef12cc54743675646a8e0bafe0394706b7f9ed1c9b11423bb5494665b
Deleted: sha256:237472299760d6726d376385edd9e79c310fe91d794bc9870d038417d448c2d5
[root@master ~]# docker rmi faa63f80f414
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete faa63f80f414 (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container a76143c7b736
[root@master ~]# docker rmi -f faa63f80f414
Deleted: sha256:faa63f80f414bfd803c6cd50e8b843fa799a39f0720d90532d32448bad07c61b
Deleted: sha256:bb1fcbd4ba9789e7c8648f36feb4ba70f6c2971f5b71d2f0c4aec3240346574a
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 18 months ago 1.84kB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
更新镜像
从已创建的容器中更新镜像并提交镜像（新建了个testing_dir目录作为变动标识）
[root@master ~]# docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
root@527abc181a62:/# mkdir testing_dir
root@527abc181a62:/# exit
exit
[root@master ~]# docker commit -m="has update" -a="runoob" 527abc181a62 runoob/ubuntu:v2
sha256:6bb5f254672d2af0169c926ebe917b7b9b62a628e8f83a6beca4b3653b2388aa
[root@master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
runoob/ubuntu v2 6bb5f254672d 5 seconds ago 137MB
test/ubuntu v1 7e7c29ee095d 4 hours ago 119MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 5 years ago 349MB
# 用新镜像创建容器，我们从下边可以看到，刚才镜像里新建的 testing_dir 目录已经写入到新的镜像里边了
# 用这个新镜像创建的容器里边也包含了 testing_dir 目录
[root@master ~]# docker run -t -i runoob/ubuntu:v2 /bin/bash
root@a5699921a996:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys testing_dir tmp usr var
root@a5699921a996:/#
构建镜像
从零开始来创建一个新的镜像
[root@master ~]# mkdir docker
[root@master ~]# cd docker/
[root@master docker]# touch Dockerfile
[root@master docker]# vi Dockerfile
# FROM，指定使用哪个镜像源
# RUN 指令告诉docker 在镜像内执行命令，安装了什么
[root@master docker]# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos:6.7
MAINTAINER Fisher "2392863668@qq.com"
RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
RUN useradd runoob
RUN /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
EXPOSE 22
EXPOSE 80
CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D
# 开始构建
# -t ：指定要创建的目标镜像名
# . ：Dockerfile 文件所在目录，可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径
[root@master docker]# docker build -t runoob/centos:6.7 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/9 : FROM centos:6.7
6.7: Pulling from library/centos
cbddbc0189a0: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4c952fc7d30ed134109c769387313ab864711d1bd8b4660017f9d27243622df1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:6.7
---> 9f1de3c6ad53
Step 2/9 : MAINTAINER Fisher "2392863668@qq.com"
---> Running in ed11839748bb
Removing intermediate container ed11839748bb
---> d6caeeac7a37
Step 3/9 : RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
---> Running in c133297b4c98
Removing intermediate container c133297b4c98
---> bad804ae1a20
Step 4/9 : RUN useradd runoob
---> Running in 1620fdacb511
Removing intermediate container 1620fdacb511
---> f80e707eb0a9
Step 5/9 : RUN /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
---> Running in 8f7d3ed64e19
Removing intermediate container 8f7d3ed64e19
---> cd6aa534c3d9
Step 6/9 : RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
---> Running in d2e2d8ec2524
Removing intermediate container d2e2d8ec2524
---> 4786ccee3f0a
Step 7/9 : EXPOSE 22
---> Running in ca823a455293
Removing intermediate container ca823a455293
---> 27e7ded0cda7
Step 8/9 : EXPOSE 80
---> Running in 71bed30c3da9
Removing intermediate container 71bed30c3da9
---> 7b951ff6b73a
Step 9/9 : CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D
---> Running in 0611ad3968a4
Removing intermediate container 0611ad3968a4
---> 70c33b3dee3c
Successfully built 70c33b3dee3c
Successfully tagged runoob/centos:6.7
# 查看构建的镜像
[root@master docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
runoob/centos 6.7 70c33b3dee3c About a minute ago 191MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 6bb5f254672d 15 minutes ago 137MB
test/ubuntu v1 7e7c29ee095d 5 hours ago 119MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
centos 6.7 9f1de3c6ad53 16 months ago 191MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 5 years ago 349MB
构建镜像创建容器
[root@master docker]# docker run -it runoob/centos:6.7 /bin/bash
[root@2ed5c38912e5 /]# id root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@2ed5c38912e5 /]# id runoob
uid=500(runoob) gid=500(runoob) groups=500(runoob)
重新设置镜像标签
[root@master docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
runoob/centos 6.7 70c33b3dee3c 6 minutes ago 191MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 6bb5f254672d 20 minutes ago 137MB
test/ubuntu v1 7e7c29ee095d 5 hours ago 119MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
centos 6.7 9f1de3c6ad53 16 months ago 191MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 5 years ago 349MB
[root@master docker]# docker tag 70c33b3dee3c runoob/centos:dev
[root@master docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
runoob/centos 6.7 70c33b3dee3c 8 minutes ago 191MB
runoob/centos dev 70c33b3dee3c 8 minutes ago 191MB
runoob/ubuntu v2 6bb5f254672d 22 minutes ago 137MB
test/ubuntu v1 7e7c29ee095d 5 hours ago 119MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
mongo latest cda2c466f867 10 months ago 361MB
tomcat latest 365b0a528e2e 10 months ago 506MB
python 3.5 67f4589d3c88 10 months ago 908MB
nginx latest ab56bba91343 10 months ago 126MB
httpd latest 19459a872194 10 months ago 154MB
mysql 5.6 95e0fc47b096 10 months ago 257MB
debian jessie c9d6adb06e4d 10 months ago 129MB
centos 6.7 9f1de3c6ad53 16 months ago 191MB
ubuntu 15.10 9b9cb95443b5 3 years ago 137MB
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 5 years ago 349MB
容器连接
网络端口映射
之前有用过 -P 参数来随机映射端口，当然也可以使用 -p 参数来手动建立端口映射关系：
# [root@master ~]# docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
[root@master ~]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py
58dc741e3a08f347b56309bf549ba156e1efc8a565d8ef937abf0eb09d125adc
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
58dc741e3a08 training/webapp "python app.py" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp frosty_buck
当然，也可以指定容器绑定的网络地址，不过因为 docker 是在虚拟机上运行的，这时候就不能像之前那样在本地电脑上使用地址：127.0.0.1:5001去测试了，因为Windows下默认把 IP 127.0.0.1映射到了本机（localhost）而不是虚拟机对应的地址，不过可以在虚拟机使用 curl 命令来进行验证：
[root@master ~]# docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:5001:5000 training/webapp python app.py
3cf9e1679d44b45e30526a10cbbcbfb90a4150ad6da754cc99a6bfac72bbeeec
[root@master ~]# curl 127.0.0.1:5001
Hello world!
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# docker port frosty_buck
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5000
[root@master ~]# docker port flamboyant_villani
5000/tcp -> 127.0.0.1:5001
新建网络
[root@master ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
6e7962edeb74 bridge bridge local
b116d28afaa7 host host local
a06c6cfba31c none null local
[root@master ~]# docker network create -d bridge test-net
1daa356d55fc97c5f820879e0b919b8c90085bdf93bdeb3b748822dd5058852a
[root@master ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
6e7962edeb74 bridge bridge local
b116d28afaa7 host host local
a06c6cfba31c none null local
1daa356d55fc test-net bridge local
[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name test1 --network test-net ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
c495bbbf56804389147c742d31a7b78bb4e4c71f93fae88baa60206a8dbbefcd
[root@master ~]# docker run -itd --name test2 --network test-net ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
3f0b5650e2d33fcbf8d4732d3697d06953df8dbf1ef66849712859db82bec28a
[root@master ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3f0b5650e2d3 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 17 seconds ago Up 16 seconds test2
c495bbbf5680 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 30 seconds ago Up 27 seconds test1
3cf9e1679d44 training/webapp "python app.py" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes 127.0.0.1:5001->5000/tcp flamboyant_villani
58dc741e3a08 training/webapp "python app.py" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp frosty_buck
[root@master ~]# docker exec -it test1 /bin/bash
root@c495bbbf5680:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
0% [1 InRelease 1147 B/265 kB 0%] [Waiting for headers
# 我这儿使用功能 apt-get update 由于网络原因一直卡住，所以先这样了。DNS配置
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://r9xxm8z8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
{
"dns" : [
"114.114.114.114",
"8.8.8.8"
]
}
[root@master ~]# docker run -it --rm ubuntu cat etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.128.2
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