所谓的静默安装是指不用安装redhat7桌面系统，并进入桌面利用界面安装oracle，这里采用最小化安装redhat7，直接在命令行下通过命令执行安装。

    环境配置和用户设置基本和界面安装一致。就是进入/opt/app/database/database目录之后，运行./runInstall时，需要指定参数，让系统实现无需界面操作的静默安装。

准备虚拟机：2g内存，20g硬盘，3g交换分区，刚装上的系统很小，如下图所示。

一、获取oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall的yum源，并配置一个CenOS7的基础源

[root@dbserver ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@dbserver ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo
[root@dbserver ~]# curl -o /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7
[root@dbserver ~]# sed -i 's/$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@dbserver ~]# yum repolist
[root@dbserver ~]# yum install -y oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64

安装之前可以通过yum search查看oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

yum安装

安装完成之后可以检查用户和相关系统参数

系统参数截图，通过yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall自动添加了用户和用户组，而且修改了系统参数。

我们可以通过日志查看自动添加用户和用户组修改系统参数以及安装相关依赖。日志路径:/var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/orakernel.log

Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
Adding group dba
Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary group dba and  home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for oracle user
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)
Creating oracle user passed 

Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.conf
Verifying  kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding fs.file-max = 6815744 
Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096 
Adding kernel.shmall = 1073741824 
Adding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 
Adding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 
Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 
Adding net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 
Adding net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 
Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 
Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 
Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
Saved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-sysctl.conf
Check /etc/sysctl.d for backups
Verifying & setting of kernel parameters passed 

Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.conf

Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding oracle soft nofile  1024
Adding oracle hard nofile  65536
Adding oracle soft nproc  16384
Adding oracle hard nproc  16384
Adding oracle soft stack  10240
Adding oracle hard stack  32768
Adding oracle hard memlock  134217728
Adding oracle soft memlock  134217728
Setting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/security/limits.conf
Original file backed up at /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/Nov-02-2017-20-58-02
Verifying & setting of user limits passed 

Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackup
Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/Nov-02-2017-20-58-02...
Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root crashkernel=auto  rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet"
new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet numa=off"

old boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet numa=off"
new boot params: "rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 vconsole.keymap=us rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"

Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
G_DIR=/boot/grub2
Getting the first entry available in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg for 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Default kernel is ->  3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Default saved_entry is -> Red Hat Enterprise Linux Linux, with Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Default saved_entry_line is -> 	linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 
Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/Nov-02-2017-20-58-02
Generating grub configuration file ...
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 28519: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 28519: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-7d075af17a9c4ec58e37c4be14f9f1d2
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-7d075af17a9c4ec58e37c4be14f9f1d2.img
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 28717: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 28717: /usr/sbin/grub2-probe
done
The saved kernel 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 is now at position - 0
Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
Altered file /etc/default/grub
Copy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.orabackup
Copy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/Nov-02-2017-20-58-02
Verifying & setting of boot parameters passed 

Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter...
Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackup
Successfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/network
Setting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed 

Disabling Transparent Hugepages. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Disabling defrag. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/Nov-02-2017-20-58-02 

安装两个小工具，用来上传数据库安装文件和解压安装文件

yum install -y lrzsz unzip//

[root@dbserver ~]# mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle
[root@dbserver ~]# mkdir -p /opt/app/database
[root@dbserver ~]# mkdir -p /opt/app/oraInventory
[root@dbserver ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/app
[root@dbserver ~]# chmod 755 /opt/app

为oracle用户设置密码，后面需要切换到oracle用户下来安装

[root@dbserver ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@dbserver ~]# su - oracle

export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export LANG=""
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

生效环境变量并配置oracle静默安装的配置文件，指定相关配置。这些配置很重要，如果不配置好，后面安装会出现很多问题。

[oracle@dbserver ~]$ source .bash_profile 
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[root@dbserver oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /opt/app/database/
[root@dbserver oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /opt/app/database/

[root@dbserver app]# vi database/database/response/db_install.rsp

四、修改静默安装数据库配置文件主要的配置项

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=123456
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

五、开始安装 -ignorePrereq选项可以忽略系统检查时的一些问题。后面会贴出这个错误。

[oracle@dbserver app]$ database/database/runInstaller -silent -force -ignorePrereq -responseFile /opt/app/database/database/response/db_install.rsp 
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 13085 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 2999 MB    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2017-11-02_11-12-25PM. Please wait ...[oracle@dbserver app]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
 /opt/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-11-02_11-12-25PM.log
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
 #!/bin/sh 
 #Root scripts to run

/opt/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
	 1. Open a terminal window 
	 2. Log in as "root" 
	 3. Run the scripts 
	 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 

Successfully Setup Software.

切换到root用户，执行这两个脚本。

[oracle@dbserver app]$ su
Password: 
[root@dbserver app]# /opt/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
Changing permissions of /opt/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /opt/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@dbserver app]# /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh 
Check /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/root_dbserver_2017-11-02_23-20-43.log for the output of root script

根据运行提示，我们可以看看相关日志

[root@dbserver app]# more /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/root_dbserver_2017-11-02_23-20-43.log

Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

六、netca配置监听器(这里的命令很特别，指定参数就是斜线来指定，你没有看错)

[oracle@dbserver app]$ netca /silent /responseFile /opt/app/database/database/response/netca.rsp 

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /opt/app/database/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

[oracle@dbserver app]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc  -gdbName orcl
 -sid orcl -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword  oracle -storageType FS  -datafileJarLocation $ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates
 -characterset AL32UTF8 -obfuscatedPasswords false -sampleSchema false
Copying database files
1% complete                          
3% complete       
11% complete                         
18% complete               
26% complete             
37% complete           
Creating and starting Oracle instance           
40% complete                 
45% complete                   
50% complete                        
55% complete                      
56% complete                   
60% complete                   
62% complete                        
Completing Database Creation                                
66% complete         
70% complete                  
73% complete        
85% complete          
96% complete
100% complete                    
Look at the log file "/opt/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.
[oracle@dbserver app]$ 

[oracle@dbserver app]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 2 23:39:00 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/oracle as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> 

九、Q&A:错误以及解决办法