import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;

public class Annotations {
    @Retention( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )
    @Target( { ElementType.TYPE_USE, ElementType.TYPE_PARAMETER } )
    public @interface NonEmpty {		
    }
		
    public static class Holder< @NonEmpty T > extends @NonEmpty Object {
        public void method() throws @NonEmpty Exception {			
        }
    }
		
    @SuppressWarnings( "unused" )
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Holder< String > holder = new @NonEmpty Holder< String >();		
        @NonEmpty Collection< @NonEmpty String > strings = new ArrayList<>();		
    }
}

3.Java编译器新特性

3.1.参数名

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;

public class ParameterNames {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Method method = ParameterNames.class.getMethod( "main", String[].class );
        for( final Parameter parameter: method.getParameters() ) {
            System.out.println( "Parameter: " + parameter.getName() );
        }
    }
}

Parameter: arg0

Parameter: args

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1</version>
    <configuration>
        <compilerArgument>-parameters</compilerArgument>
        <source>1.8</source>
        <target>1.8</target>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

4.Java库的新特性

public class Streams  {
    private enum Status {
        OPEN, CLOSED
    };
    
    private static final class Task {
        private final Status status;
        private final Integer points;

        Task( final Status status, final Integer points ) {
            this.status = status;
            this.points = points;
        }
        
        public Integer getPoints() {
            return points;
        }
        
        public Status getStatus() {
            return status;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return String.format( "[%s, %d]", status, points );
        }
    }
}

final Collection< Task > tasks = Arrays.asList(
    new Task( Status.OPEN, 5 ),
    new Task( Status.OPEN, 13 ),
    new Task( Status.CLOSED, 8 ) 
);

// Calculate total points of all active tasks using sum()
final long totalPointsOfOpenTasks = tasks
    .stream()
    .filter( task -> task.getStatus() == Status.OPEN )
    .mapToInt( Task::getPoints )
    .sum();
        
System.out.println( "Total points: " + totalPointsOfOpenTasks );

Total points: 18

// Calculate total points of all tasks
final double totalPoints = tasks
   .stream()
   .parallel()
   .map( task -> task.getPoints() ) // or map( Task::getPoints ) 
   .reduce( 0, Integer::sum );
    
System.out.println( "Total points (all tasks): " + totalPoints );

Total points (all tasks): 26.0

// Group tasks by their status
final Map< Status, List< Task > > map = tasks
    .stream()
    .collect( Collectors.groupingBy( Task::getStatus ) );
System.out.println( map );

{CLOSED=[[CLOSED, 8]], OPEN=[[OPEN, 5], [OPEN, 13]]}

// Calculate the weight of each tasks (as percent of total points) 
final Collection< String > result = tasks
    .stream()                                        // Stream< String >
    .mapToInt( Task::getPoints )                     // IntStream
    .asLongStream()                                  // LongStream
    .mapToDouble( points -> points / totalPoints )   // DoubleStream
    .boxed()                                         // Stream< Double >
    .mapToLong( weigth -> ( long )( weigth * 100 ) ) // LongStream
    .mapToObj( percentage -> percentage + "%" )      // Stream< String> 
    .collect( Collectors.toList() );                 // List< String > 
        
System.out.println( result );

[19%, 50%, 30%]

// Get the system clock as UTC offset 
final Clock clock = Clock.systemUTC();
System.out.println( clock.instant() );
System.out.println( clock.millis() );

2014-04-12T15:19:29.282Z
1397315969360

// Get the local date and local time
final LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
final LocalDate dateFromClock = LocalDate.now( clock );
        
System.out.println( date );
System.out.println( dateFromClock );
        
// Get the local date and local time
final LocalTime time = LocalTime.now();
final LocalTime timeFromClock = LocalTime.now( clock );
        
System.out.println( time );
System.out.println( timeFromClock );

2014-04-12
2014-04-12
11:25:54.568
15:25:54.568

// Get the local date/time
final LocalDateTime datetime = LocalDateTime.now();
final LocalDateTime datetimeFromClock = LocalDateTime.now( clock );
        
System.out.println( datetime );
System.out.println( datetimeFromClock );

2014-04-12T11:37:52.309
2014-04-12T15:37:52.309

// Get the zoned date/time
final ZonedDateTime zonedDatetime = ZonedDateTime.now();
final ZonedDateTime zonedDatetimeFromClock = ZonedDateTime.now( clock );
final ZonedDateTime zonedDatetimeFromZone = ZonedDateTime.now( ZoneId.of( "America/Los_Angeles" ) );
        
System.out.println( zonedDatetime );
System.out.println( zonedDatetimeFromClock );
System.out.println( zonedDatetimeFromZone );

2014-04-12T11:47:01.017-04:00[America/New_York]
2014-04-12T15:47:01.017Z
2014-04-12T08:47:01.017-07:00[America/Los_Angeles]

// Get duration between two dates
final LocalDateTime from = LocalDateTime.of( 2014, Month.APRIL, 16, 0, 0, 0 );
final LocalDateTime to = LocalDateTime.of( 2015, Month.APRIL, 16, 23, 59, 59 );

final Duration duration = Duration.between( from, to );
System.out.println( "Duration in days: " + duration.toDays() );
System.out.println( "Duration in hours: " + duration.toHours() );

Duration in days: 365
Duration in hours: 8783

4.4.犀牛JavaScript引擎

ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName( "JavaScript" );
        
System.out.println( engine.getClass().getName() );
System.out.println( "Result:" + engine.eval( "function f() { return 1; }; f() + 1;" ) );

jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngine
Result: 2

package com.javacodegeeks.java8.base64;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;

public class Base64s {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final String text = "Base64 finally in Java 8!";
        
        final String encoded = Base64
            .getEncoder()
            .encodeToString( text.getBytes( StandardCharsets.UTF_8 ) );
        System.out.println( encoded );
        
        final String decoded = new String( 
            Base64.getDecoder().decode( encoded ),
            StandardCharsets.UTF_8 );
        System.out.println( decoded );
    }
}

QmFzZTY0IGZpbmFsbHkgaW4gSmF2YSA4IQ==
Base64 finally in Java 8!

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

public class ParallelArrays {
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        long[] arrayOfLong = new long [ 20000 ];		
		
        Arrays.parallelSetAll( arrayOfLong, 
            index -> ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt( 1000000 ) );
        Arrays.stream( arrayOfLong ).limit( 10 ).forEach( 
            i -> System.out.print( i + " " ) );
        System.out.println();
		
        Arrays.parallelSort( arrayOfLong );		
        Arrays.stream( arrayOfLong ).limit( 10 ).forEach( 
            i -> System.out.print( i + " " ) );
        System.out.println();
    }
}

Unsorted: 591217 891976 443951 424479 766825 351964 242997 642839 119108 552378 
Sorted: 39 220 263 268 325 607 655 678 723 793

function f() { 
     return 1; 
}; 

print( f() + 1 );

2

jdeps org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar

org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar -> C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0\jre\lib\rt.jar
   org.springframework.core (org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar)
      -> java.io                                            
      -> java.lang                                          
      -> java.lang.annotation                               
      -> java.lang.ref                                      
      -> java.lang.reflect                                  
      -> java.util                                          
      -> java.util.concurrent                               
      -> org.apache.commons.logging                         not found
      -> org.springframework.asm                            not found
      -> org.springframework.asm.commons                    not found
   org.springframework.core.annotation (org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar)
      -> java.lang                                          
      -> java.lang.annotation                               
      -> java.lang.reflect                                  
      -> java.util