安装Ubuntu Server

下载Ubuntu

访问Ubuntu官网,这里下载Ubuntu服务器版本

创建虚拟机

上传Ubuntu系统镜像

新建一个Ubuntu虚拟机


选择存储

设置CPU数量 内存大小 存储大小

注意: 一定要勾选预留所有客户机内存 (全部锁定)

选择要安装的系统镜像

开始安装Ubuntu

选择 Try or Install Ubuntu Server

选择语言，默认即可

选择键盘布局，默认即可

选择安装类型，默认即可

Ubuntu服务器
 
Ubuntu服务器(最小化)

搜索第三方驱动程序

网络配置

1.使用动态ip，等安装完成后再进行配置，如果此处不配置，默认DHCP自动获取IP地址。

2.通过上下箭头移动至ens34 ⇒ 点击Enter ⇒ Edit IPV4 ⇒ 选择Manual ⇒ 设置IP地址 ⇒ Save

选择Manual，手动设置

设置IP地址信息

配置完成进入下一步

配置代理地址，一般不需要，默认直接Done

配置软件源，可配置镜像地址如下:

# 阿里云镜像
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu

# 清华大学
https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/20.04/

#中科大源
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/20.04/

这里暂时默认

是否进行程序更新，这里不更新继续

设置分区

可以直接使用整个磁盘，然后就自动配置了分区，例如：/、swap、home等分区

可以根据自己需要设置分区配置

进行分区操作

添加分区home

添加分区swap

添加分区/

最终配置如下:
提示操作不可逆是否继续，选择继续即可

设置用户名，密码

设置登录系统的用户名和密码

每项具体意思如下：

你的名字
机器实例名称
选择一个用户名
选择密码
确认您的密码

是否将这台机器升级到Ubuntu Pro，以便在更广泛的软件包上进行安全更新

选择开启 SSH 远程连接，按空格键勾选

可以按需要勾选要安装的软件

等待安装完成

重启

取消更新并重启系统

最后将虚拟机先关机，然后将虚拟机配置中的驱动器配置指向主机设备

其他配置

Server版启用Root

设置 root 密码

sudo passwd root

开启root用户远程登录

编辑vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config配置文件，将PermitRootLogin设置为yes

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10

重启sshd服务

systemctl restart sshd

Desktop版启用root

注意：在Ubuntu桌面系统中,root账号是默认无法登陆系统的，执行以下操作开启Ubuntu桌面系统使用root账号登录

执行sudo vim /etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin，注释以下内容，第三行左右

auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success

执行sudo vim /etc/pam.d/gdm-password，注释以下内容，第三行左右

auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success

执行sudo vim /root/.profile修改配置文件，文档最后一行前添加

 tty -s &&mesg n || true

重启系统使其生效

reboot

配置静态IP

编辑：vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml，设置静态ip，有如下2种方式

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens34:
      dhcp4: false # 关闭DHCP
      addresses: [192.168.5.210/24] # 设置静态IP
      gateway4: 192.168.5.254  #设置网关
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8]
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd  

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    ens34:
      addresses:
      - 192.168.5.230/24
      nameservers:
        addresses:
        - 8.8.8.8
        search: []
      routes:
      - to: default
        via: 192.168.5.254
  version: 2

配置源

打开清华镜像官方,在搜索框输入ubuntu ,点击ubuntu旁边的小问号
查看ubuntu版本

root@master:/etc/apt# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS \n \l

根据相应的版本复制镜像源码

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security multiverse

.将sources.list内的内容清空，粘贴刚刚复制的镜像源，并保存

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

更新镜像源

apt-get update