1. 虚拟机添加硬盘

2. 查看新挂载好的硬盘

# 使用 fdisk -l 命令查看所有磁盘信息
[root@gaia ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b6389

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 48.4 GB, 48444211200 bytes, 94617600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

# 显示
/dev/sda 是正常使用的硬盘
/dev/sdb 是新加上的硬盘

3. 分区

# 使用 fdisk /dev/sdb 命令对新的加入的硬盘进行分区
[root@gaia ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9bfd8348.

Command (m for help): n		# 表示创建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p		# 表示创建主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1		# 表示创建1号分区
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 		# 表示起始分区，默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): 	# 表示结束分区，默认是全部容量
Using default value 20971519
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w		# 表示写入分区，生效
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

# 使用 fdisk -l 命令查看分区结果
[root@gaia ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b6389

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9bfd8348

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 48.4 GB, 48444211200 bytes, 94617600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

# 显示
成功创建 /dev/sdb1

4. 格式化分区

# 使用 mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdd1 命令进行格式化分区
[root@gaia ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdb1 
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=655296 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2621184, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

5. 挂载

5.1 挂载临时分区

# 使用 mount -t xfs /dev/sdd1 /DATA 命令进行磁盘挂载。把新加入的磁盘分区挂载到/DATA目录下
# 在根目录下创建文件夹”DATA“
[root@gaia /]# mkdir DATA
[root@gaia ~]# mount -t xfs /dev/sdb1 /DATA
[root@gaia ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   46G  1.5G   44G   4% /
devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  146M  869M  15% /boot
tmpfs                    378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                 10G   33M   10G   1% /DATA

5.2 开启自动挂载分区

# 编辑 /etc/fstab 加入自动挂载语句
[root@gaia ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /DATA                                 xfs     defaults        0 0