Android 异步更新UI----handler+thread
android应用是单线程模式的。单线程模式需要记住两条:一、防止UI线程阻塞二、确保只在UI线程中访问Android UI工具包在开发Android应用时必须遵守单线程模型的原则:Android UI操作并不是线程安全的并且这些操作必须在UI线程中执行。每个Android应用程序都运行在一个dalvik虚拟机进程中,进程开始的时候会启动一个主线程(Ma
android应用是单线程模式的。
单线程模式需要记住两条:
一、防止UI线程阻塞
二、确保只在UI线程中访问Android UI工具包
在开发Android应用时必须遵守单线程模型的原则:Android UI操作并不是线程安全的并且这些操作必须在UI线程中执行。每个Android应用程序都运行在一个dalvik虚拟机进程中,进程开始的时候会启动一个主线程(MainThread),主线程负责处理和ui相关的事件,因此主线程通常又叫UI线程。而由于Android采用UI单线程模型,所以只能在主线程中对UI元素进行操作。
开一个线程或者在后台线程中来执行耗时的操作,如下面的例子:
public void onClick( View v ) {
new Thread( new Runnable() {
public void run() {
Bitmap b = loadImageFromNetwork(); //从网络上下载图片
mImageView.setImageBitmap( b ); //把图片设置给ImageView
}
}).start()
}
上面的代码会报错,你可能会说逻辑很正确啊,但是它违背了Android单线程模型:Android UI操作并不是线程安全的并且这些操作必须在UI线程中执行.
例如: 如果在非UI线程直接对UI进行了操作,则会报错:
CalledFromWrongThreadException:only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views
Android为我息循环们提供了消的机制,我们可以利用这个机制来实现线程间的通信。那么,我们就可以在非UI线程发送消息到UI线程,最终让Ui线程来进行ui的操作。
Andriod提供了几种在其他线程中访问UI线程的方法:
Activity.runOnUiThread( Runnable )
View.post( Runnable )
View.postDelayed( Runnable, long )
Hanlder
对于运算量较大的操作和IO操作,我们需要新开线程来处理这些繁重的工作,以免阻塞ui线程。
例子:下面我们以获取CSDN logo的例子,演示如何使用Thread+Handler的方式实现在非UI线程发送消息通知UI线程更新界面
ThradHandlerActivity.java:- package com.example.thread;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
- import com.example.test.R;
- import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class ThreadHandlerActivity extends Activity{
- private static final int MSG_SUCCESS = 0;
- private static final int MSG_FAILURE = 1;
- private ImageView mImageView;
- private Button mButton;
- private Thread mThread;
- @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case MSG_SUCCESS:
- mImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap)msg.obj);
- Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- break;
- case MSG_FAILURE:
- Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.thread_layout);
- mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.logo);//显示图片的ImageView
- mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.click);
- mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (mThread == null) {
- mThread = new Thread(runnable);
- mThread.start();
- }else {
- Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "线程已经运行", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
- HttpGet hg = new HttpGet("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
- final Bitmap bm;
- try {
- HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);
- bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_FAILURE).sendToTarget();
- return;
- }
- mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SUCCESS, bm).sendToTarget();
- // mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm); //出错!不能在非ui线程操作ui元素
- // mImageView.post(new Runnable() {//另外一种更简洁的发送消息给ui线程的方法。
- // @Override
- // public void run() {//run()方法会在ui线程执行
- // mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);
- // }
- // });
- }
- };
- }
对于上面的方法,我们使用的是handler+Thread来实现更新UI,在里面也有一条注意的就是
- mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm); //出错!不能在非ui线程操作ui元素
- /**
- * Runs the specified action on the UI thread. If the current thread is the UI
- * thread, then the action is executed immediately. If the current thread is
- * not the UI thread, the action is posted to the event queue of the UI thread.
- *
- * @param action the action to run on the UI thread
- */
- public final void runOnUiThread(Runnable action) {
- if (Thread.currentThread() != mUiThread) {
- mHandler.post(action);
- } else {
- action.run();
- }
- }
上面Activity的runOnUiThread(Runnable)方法实现。
利用Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)把更新ui的代码创建在Runnable中,然后在需要更新ui时,把这个Runnable对象传给Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)。 这样Runnable对像就能在ui程序中被调用。如果当前线程是UI线程,那么行动是立即执行。如果当前线程不是UI线程,操作是发布到事件队列的UI线程。
使用示例:
- current_activity.this. runOnUiThread(new Runnable()
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // refresh ui 的操作代码
- }
- });
所以我们修改一下上面的代码:
- package com.example.thread;
- import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
- import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
- import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
- import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
- import com.example.test.R;
- import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class ThreadHandlerActivity extends Activity{
- private static final int MSG_SUCCESS = 0;
- private static final int MSG_FAILURE = 1;
- private ImageView mImageView;
- private Button mButton;
- @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
- private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case MSG_SUCCESS:
- mImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap)msg.obj);
- Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- break;
- case MSG_FAILURE:
- Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.thread_layout);
- mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.logo);//显示图片的ImageView
- mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.click);
- mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- ThreadHandlerActivity.this.runOnUiThread(runnable);
- }
- });
- }
- Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
- HttpGet hg = new HttpGet("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
- final Bitmap bm;
- try {
- HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);
- bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_FAILURE).sendToTarget();
- return;
- }
- mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);
- }
- };
- }
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