深入理解java虚拟机(三):String.intern()-字符串常量池
深入理解java虚拟机(一):java内存区域(内存结构划分)深入理解java虚拟机(二):java内存溢出实战 看源码: public native String intern(); Returns a canonical representation for the string object.A pool of strings, initially empty
深入理解java虚拟机(一):java内存区域(内存结构划分)
深入理解java虚拟机(二):java内存溢出实战
深入理解java虚拟机(三):String.intern()-字符串常量池
深入理解java虚拟机(四):对象存活判定算法和垃圾收集算法
深入理解java虚拟机(五):hotspot垃圾收集算法实现
深入理解java虚拟机(六):java垃圾收集分析实战(内存分配与回收策略)
深入理解java虚拟机(七):java垃圾收集分析总结
深入理解java虚拟机(八):java内存分析工具-MAT和OQL
看源码:
public native String intern();
Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained privately by the class String.
When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a string equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method, then the string from the pool is returned. Otherwise, this String object is added to the pool and a reference to this String object is returned.
It follows that for any two strings s and t, s.intern() == t.intern() is true if and only if s.equals(t) is true.
All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned. String literals are defined in §3.10.5 of the Java Language Specification
Returns:
a string that has the same contents as this string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.
意思是说当调用 intern 方法时,如果池已经包含一个等于此 String 对象的字符串(该对象由 equals(Object) 方法确定),则返回池中的字符串。否则,将此 String 对象添加到池中,并且返回此 String 对象的引用。
看下面这段代码:
public class StringInternTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = new StringBuilder("chaofan").append("wei").toString();
System.out.println(str1.intern() == str1);
String str2 = new StringBuilder("ja").append("va").toString();
System.out.println(str2.intern() == str2);
}
}
有图可知,当在jdk1.6中运行时,会得到两个false,而在jdk1.7中运行,会得到一个true和一个false。
产生的差异在于在jdk1.6中 intern 方法会把首次遇到的字符串实例复制到永久待(常量池)中,并返回此引用;但在jdk1.7中,只是会把首次遇到的字符串实例的引用添加到常量池中(没有复制),并返回此引用。
所以在jdk1.7中执行上面代码,str1返回true是引用他们指向的都是str1对象(堆中)(池中不存在,返回原引用),而str2返回false是因为池中已经存在"java"了(关键词),所以返回的池的对象,因此不相等。
看下面实例:
@Test
public void test3(){
String str1 = "a";
String str2 = "b";
String str3 = "ab";
String str4 = str1 + str2;
String str5 = new String("ab");
System.out.println(str5.equals(str3));//true
System.out.println(str5 == str3);//false
System.out.println(str5.intern() == str3);//true
System.out.println(str5.intern() == str4);//false
}
@Test
public void test4(){
String a = new String("ab");
String b = new String("ab");
String c = "ab";
String d = "a" + "b";
String e = "b";
String f = "a" + e;
System.out.println(b.intern() == a);//fasle
System.out.println(b.intern() == c);//true
System.out.println(b.intern() == d);//true 编译期d已确定(修改、赋值)为ab
System.out.println(b.intern() == f);//false
System.out.println(b.intern() == a.intern());//true
}
@Test
public void test5(){
// 编译期已确定
String a = "abc";
String b = "abc";
String c = "a" + "b" + "c";
String d = "a" + "bc";
String e = "ab" + "c";
System.out.println(a == b);//true
System.out.println(a == c);//true
System.out.println(a == d);//true
System.out.println(a == e);//true
System.out.println(c == d);//true
System.out.println(c == e);//true
}
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