centos6磁盘分区详细步骤
环境说明vmware虚拟机操作系统# lsb_release -aLSB Version::base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarchDi...
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环境说明
vmware虚拟机
操作系统
# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Release: 6.5
Codename: Final
查看磁盘
一、df命令查看磁盘分区情况
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
解释下输出的第一行中某些字段的含义：
| 文件系统 | 容量 | 已用 | 可用 | 挂载点 |
| 代表磁盘的分区和内存中的某一个区域。 | 磁盘总共的容量 | 磁盘已经使用的容量 | 磁盘未使用的容量 | 该文件系统挂载在哪一个目录下 |
使用iT参数，查看 inodes号和文件类型可man查看参数
# df -iT
Filesystem Type Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 ext4 1166880 248576 918304 22% /
tmpfs tmpfs 239440 5 239435 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 ext4 51200 39 51161 1% /boot
/dev/sr0 iso9660 0 0 0 - /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
二、利用du命令查询当前目录下的所有目录/文件所占的容量
显示目录或者文件所占空间：
# du
16 ./triWeb/templates
84 ./triWeb
28 ./article
32 ./pyweb
152 .
只显示当前目录下面的子目录的目录大小和当前目录的总的大小，最下面的152为当前目录的总大小
查看指定文件所占空间：
[root@cj pyweb]# du -b views.py
26 views.py
显示多个文件所占空间：
[root@cj triWeb]# du view.py urls.py
4 view.py
4 urls.py
查看指定目录的所占空间：
[root@cj django]# du -h django/
16K django/triWeb/templates
84K django/triWeb
28K django/article
32K django/pyweb
152K django/
只显示总和的大小:
[root@cj django]# du -sh
152K
三、dumpe2fs查看分区的具体使用情况
Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 51200 Block count: 204800 Reserved block count: 10240 Free blocks: 163923 Free inodes: 51161 First block: 1 Block size: 1024 Fragment size: 1024 Reserved GDT blocks: 256 Blocks per group: 8192 Fragments per group: 8192 Inodes per group: 2048 Inode blocks per group: 256 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Mon Jul 3 23:36:10 2017
磁盘的分区–命令fdisk
为了测试分区，给虚拟机增加一块硬盘
[root@cj django]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
[root@cj django]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda1
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: /boot
Filesystem UUID: af3030df-64ee-4996-8101-dcc0cbf0171d
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 51200
Block count: 204800
Reserved block count: 10240
Free blocks: 163923
Free inodes: 51161
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 2048
Inode blocks per group: 256
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Mon Jul 3 23:36:10 2017[root@cj django]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000bf882
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 287 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 287 2611 18668544 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
/dev/sdb就是新增的第二块硬盘，接下来演示如何分区
[root@cj django]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0cab72a4.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m //查看命令
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition //删除分区
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
m //查看命令
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition //删除分区
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): p //显示分区信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
p //显示分区信息
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): 652 //或者用+size的方式 如+3G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652): 652 //或者用+size的方式 如+3G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w //写入
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
w //写入
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.w和q需要注意
| w | q |
| 此命令会使你的所有对磁盘的操作全部生效，如果不清楚自己所作所为的后果，此命令请慎用。 | 退出磁盘分区程序，之前所有的操作都无效，当然前提是你没有用w。 |
再次查看分区情况
[root@cj django]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000bf882
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 287 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 287 2611 18668544 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0cab72a4
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 652 5237158+ 83 Linux
将分好的磁盘格式化
选择一种文件格式将新建的分区初始化，是为了让Linux能够识别这个分区里面的文件。所谓的文件格式就是，磁盘的文件是按照怎样的一种形式组织起来，之前提到的文件由两部分组成的，比如inode，block等，就是Linux的所能够识别的文件格式的一种。
格式化的命令 - mkfs
mkfs -t 文件格式 设备文件名
mkfs.ext4 设备文件名
[root@cj django]# mkfs.
mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.ext4dev mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat
[root@cj django]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1309289 blocks
65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override
挂载/卸载磁盘
这里我打算把sdb1挂载到“/data”这个目录，这个目录是不存在的，所以要创建。
挂载的命令是mount，命令有点复杂，自行man。
mount 设备文件名 挂载点
[root@cj django]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
[root@cj django]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /data
注意命令：mount <设备名称> <挂载的目录>
弄完了用df查看一下，看最后一行的/mnt/sda5，是不是成功了！
以下几点要注意：
- 挂载的目录必须为空，否则目录里面的数据会被隐藏，直到设备被卸载才会显现。
- 挂载的目录每次只能挂载一个设备。
- 同一个设备每次只能挂载到一个目录。
卸载
命令：umount <设备名字/挂载点>
[root@cj django]# umount /dev/sr0
[root@cj django]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 5.5G 12G 33% /
tmpfs 936M 224K 936M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 34M 151M 19% /boot
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 138M 4.6G 3% /data
检查磁盘是否有问题
命令 fsck
内容略，后续补充。
开机挂载
一般情况下，如果你再次开机，就会发现之前已经挂载的磁盘必须手动再次挂载一次，不信可以用df命令查看一下。
为了开机自动挂载磁盘，只需要配置一下 /etc/fstab文件即可。
查询UUID号码
[root@cj django]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002" TYPE="ext4"
修改/etc/fstab文件
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 3 23:43:48 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=84afdcda-5428-4018-8131-1f99beeb73be / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=af3030df-64ee-4996-8101-dcc0cbf0171d /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=4133fb7b-8ead-43a8-9b3d-8e6fdc4ad795 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
UUID=7b8a81fb-ea9c-4963-b7dd-b9f98a85d002 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
字段解释：
| file system | mount point | type | options | dump | pass |
| 设备名称。磁盘号的UUID | 挂载点 | 分区类型.linux分区一般为ext4。 | 挂载参数。一般为defaults。常用参数如下： auto：开机自动挂载。 default：按照大多数永久文件系统的缺省值设置挂载定义。 noauto：开机不自动挂载。 nouser：只有超级用户可以挂载。 ro：按只读权限挂载。 rw：按可读可写权限挂载。 user：任何用户都可以挂载。 | 磁盘备份。默认为0，表示不备份。 | 磁盘检查。默认为0，表示不检查。 |
至此分区完成
ps :本文目的在于记录自己的学习过程，以便后续回顾，参考如下博客，如侵犯版权请联系我，谢谢！
http://blog.csdn.net/phoenix_wang_cheng/article/details/52743821#t0
华为开发者空间，是为全球开发者打造的专属开发空间，汇聚了华为优质开发资源及工具，致力于让每一位开发者拥有一台云主机，基于华为根生态开发、创新。
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