JavaWeb：用户信息管理系统总结
当当当当~~~~欢迎大家阅读，今天我们总结用户信息管理系统的流程该系统主要分为两部分，一部分是简单功能（增删改查）的基础实现；一部分是复杂功能删除选中，分页查询，复杂条件查询的实现；简单功能一：登录(一)：登录界面(1):html登录界面(2)：html代码<body><div class="container" style="width: 400px;"><h3 s
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当当当当~~~~欢迎大家阅读，今天我们总结用户信息管理系统的流程
该系统主要分为两部分，一部分是简单功能（增删改查）的基础实现；
一部分是复杂功能删除选中，分页查询，复杂条件查询的实现；
简单功能
首先我们来看一下登录界面
一：登录
(一)：登录界面
1:html登录界面
2:html代码
<body>
<div class="container" style="width: 400px;">
<h3 style="text-align: center;">管理员登录</h3>
<form action="login" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="user">用户名：</label>
<input type="text" name="user" class="form-control" id="user" placeholder="请输入用户名"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="password">密码：</label>
<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="请输入密码"/>
</div>
<div class="form-inline">
<label for="vcode">验证码：</label>
<input type="text" name="verifycode" class="form-control" id="verifycode" placeholder="请输入验证码" style="width: 120px;"/>
<a href="javascript:refreshCode()"><img src="vcode" title="看不清点击刷新" id="vcode"/></a>
</div>
<hr/>
<div class="form-group" style="text-align: center;">
<input class="btn btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="登录">
</div>
</form>
<!-- 出错显示的信息框 -->
<div class="alert alert-warning alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" >
<span>×</span>
</button>
<strong>登录失败!</strong>
</div>
</div>
</body>3:改进后的jsp登录界面
4:页面代码的改进
在html基础上添加了servlet与后端交互，并且在登录时插入了验证码的校验
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/loginServlet" method="post">
<div class="form-inline">
<label for="vcode">验证码：</label>
<input type="text" name="verifycode" class="form-control" id="verifycode" placeholder="请输入验证码" style="width: 120px;"/>
<a href="javascript:refreshCode();">
<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/checkCodeServlet" title="看不清点击刷新" id="vcode"/>
</a>
</div>
(二)：后端代码实现
1:LoginServlet
//1.设置编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取数据
//2.1获取用户填写验证码
String verifycode = request.getParameter("verifycode");
//3.验证码校验
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String checkcode_server = (String) session.getAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER");
session.removeAttribute("CHECKCODE_SERVER");//确保验证码一次性
if(!checkcode_server.equalsIgnoreCase(verifycode)){
//验证码不正确
//提示信息
request.setAttribute("login_msg","验证码错误！");
//跳转登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
return;
}
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
//4.封装User对象
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//5.调用Service查询
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
User loginUser = service.login(user);
//6.判断是否登录成功
if(loginUser != null){
//登录成功
//将用户存入session
session.setAttribute("user",loginUser);
//跳转页面
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
}else{
//登录失败
//提示信息
request.setAttribute("login_msg","用户名或密码错误！");
//跳转登录页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
2:UserServiceImpl(login)
@Override
public User login(User user) {
return dao.findUserByUsernameAndPassword(user.getUsername(),user.getPassword());
}3:UserDaoImpl(findUserByUsernameAndPassword)
@Override
public User findUserByUsernameAndPassword(String username, String password) {
try {
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
User user = template.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), username, password);
return user;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}登录界面完成并且登录成功后，接下来我们开始进行用户信息的列表查询！
二：查询
(一)：查询界面
1:点击查询所有用户信息进入用户信息列表界面
<div align="center">
<a
href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet" style="text-decoration:none;font-size:33px">查询所有用户信息
</a>
</div> 
2:查询界面的jsp代码
<table border="1" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr class="success">
<th><input type="checkbox" id="firstCb"></th>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>籍贯</th>
<th>QQ</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${pb.list}" var="user" varStatus="s">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" name="uid" value="${user.id}"></td>
<td>${s.count}</td>
<td>${user.name}</td>
<td>${user.gender}</td>
<td>${user.age}</td>
<td>${user.address}</td>
<td>${user.qq}</td>
<td>${user.email}</td>
<td><a class="btn btn-default btn-sm"
</c:forEach>
</table>(二)：后端代码实现
1:UserListServlet
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.调用UserService完成查询
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
List<User> users = service.findAll();
//2.将list存入request域
request.setAttribute("users",users);
//3.转发到list.jsp
request.getRequestDispatcher("/list.jsp").forward(request,response);
}2:UserServiceImpl(findAll)
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
//调用Dao完成查询
return dao.findAll();
}3:UserDaoImpl(findAll)
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
//使用JDBC操作数据库...
//1.定义sql
String sql = "select * from user";
List<User> users = template.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class));
return users;
}三：添加用户信息
(一)：添加界面
1:在list页面上补充一个添加联系人的按钮
<div style="float: right;margin: 5px;">
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/add.jsp">添加联系人</a>
</div>2:点击按钮进入添加联系人界面
3:Add 界面的jsp代码
<body>
<div class="container">
<center><h3>添加联系人页面</h3></center>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/addUserServlet" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name">姓名：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" placeholder="请输入姓名">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>性别：</label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男" checked="checked"/>男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女"/>女
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age">年龄：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" name="age" placeholder="请输入年龄">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address">籍贯：</label>
<select name="address" class="form-control" id="address">
<option value="陕西">陕西</option>
<option value="北京">北京</option>
<option value="上海">上海</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="qq">QQ：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="qq" name="qq" placeholder="请输入QQ号码"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="email">Email：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱地址"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group" style="text-align: center">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="提交" />
<input class="btn btn-default" type="reset" value="重置" />
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="返回" />
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>(二)：后端代码实现
1:添加功能的思路分析
2:AddUserServlet
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取参数
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
//3.封装对象
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//4.调用Service保存
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.addUser(user);
//5.跳转到userListServlet
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}3:UserServiceImpl(addUser)
@Override
public void addUser(User user) {
dao.add(user);
}4:UserDaoImpl(add)
@Override
public void add(User user) {
//1.定义sql
String sql = "insert into user values(null,?,?,?,?,?,?,null,null)";
//2.执行sql
template.update(sql, user.getName(), user.getGender(), user.getAge(), user.getAddress(), user.getQq(), user.getEmail());
}四：删除单个用户信息
(一)：添加删除按钮
<a class="btn btn-default btn-sm" href="javascript:deleteUser(${user.id});">删除</a></td>(二)：后端代码实现
1:删除功能的思路分析
2:DelUserServlet(先获取id,通过id,删除用户信息)
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
//2.调用service删除
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.deleteUser(id);
//3.跳转到查询所有Servlet
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}
3:UserServiceImpl(deleteUser)
@Override
public void deleteUser(String id) {
dao.delete(Integer.parseInt(id));
}4:UserDaoImpl(delete)
@Override
public void delete(int id) {
//1.定义sql
String sql = "delete from user where id = ?";
//2.执行sql
template.update(sql, id);
}五：修改用户信息
(一)：修改用户信息界面
1:html界面
2:html代码
<body>
<div class="container" style="width: 400px;">
<h3 style="text-align: center;">修改联系人</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name">姓名：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" readonly="readonly" placeholder="请输入姓名" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>性别：</label>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男" />男
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女" />女
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age">年龄：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="age" name="age" placeholder="请输入年龄" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address">籍贯：</label>
<select name="address" id="address" class="form-control" >
<option value="陕西">陕西</option>
<option value="北京">北京</option>
<option value="上海">上海</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="qq">QQ：</label>
<input type="text" id="qq" class="form-control" name="qq" placeholder="请输入QQ号码"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="email">Email：</label>
<input type="text" id="email" class="form-control" name="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱地址"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group" style="text-align: center">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="提交" />
<input class="btn btn-default" type="reset" value="重置" />
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="返回"/>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>3:改进后的jsp修改界面
4:页面改进后的代码
添加可以自由选择性别和籍贯的判断
<body>
<div class="container" style="width: 400px;">
<h3 style="text-align: center;">修改联系人</h3>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/updateUserServlet" method="post">
<!-- 隐藏域提交id-->
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="${user.id}">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name">姓名：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" value="${user.name}" readonly="readonly" placeholder="请输入姓名" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>性别：</label>
<c:if test="${user.gender == '男'}">
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男" checked />男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女" />女
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user.gender == '女'}">
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="男" />男
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="女" checked />女
</c:if>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age">年龄：</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" value="${user.age}" id="age" name="age" placeholder="请输入年龄" />
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address">籍贯：</label>
<select name="address" id="address" class="form-control" >
<c:if test="${user.address == '陕西'}">
<option value="陕西" selected>陕西</option>
<option value="北京">北京</option>
<option value="上海">上海</option>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user.address == '北京'}">
<option value="陕西" >陕西</option>
<option value="北京" selected>北京</option>
<option value="上海">上海</option>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${user.address == '上海'}">
<option value="陕西" >陕西</option>
<option value="北京">北京</option>
<option value="上海" selected>上海</option>
</c:if>
</select>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>(二)：后端代码实现
1:修改功能的思路分析
2:FindUserServlet
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
//2.调用Service查询
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
User user = service.findUserById(id);
//3.将user存入request
request.setAttribute("user",user);
//4.转发到update.jsp
request.getRequestDispatcher("/update.jsp").forward(request,response);
}3:UpdateUserServlet
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取map
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
//3.封装对象
User user = new User();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(user,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//4.调用Service修改
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.updateUser(user);
//5.跳转到查询所有Servlet
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}4:UserServiceImpl(updateUser)
@Override
public void updateUser(User user) {
dao.update(user);
}5:UserDaoImpl(update)
@Override
public void update(User user) {
String sql = "update user set name = ?,gender = ? ,age = ? , address = ? , qq = ?, email = ? where id = ?";
template.update(sql, user.getName(), user.getGender(), user.getAge(), user.getAddress(), user.getQq(), user.getEmail(), user.getId());
}复杂功能
一：删除选中
(一)：删除选中界面
1:在list页面添加删除选中的按钮，并且给删除选中添加单击事件
<div style="float: right;margin: 5px;">
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="javascript:void(0);" id="delSelected">删除选中
</a>
</div>
window.onload = function(){
//给删除选中按钮添加单击事件
document.getElementById("delSelected").onclick = function(){
if(confirm("您确定要删除选中条目吗？")){
var flag = false;
//判断是否有选中条目
var cbs = document.getElementsByName("uid");
for (var i = 0; i < cbs.length; i++) {
if(cbs[i].checked){
//有一个条目选中了
flag = true;
break;
}
}
if(flag){//有条目被选中
//表单提交
document.getElementById("form").submit();
}
}
}
}2:删除选中时可以添加全部选中
//1.获取第一个cb
document.getElementById("firstCb").onclick = function(){
//2.获取下边列表中所有的cb
var cbs = document.getElementsByName("uid");
//3.遍历
for (var i = 0; i < cbs.length; i++) {
//4.设置这些cbs[i]的checked状态 = firstCb.checked
cbs[i].checked = this.checked;
}
}(二)：后端代码实现
1:删除选中的思路分析
2:DelSelectedServlet
public class DelSelectedServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取所有id
String[] ids = request.getParameterValues("uid");
//2.调用service删除
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
service.delSelectedUser(ids);
//3.跳转查询所有Servlet
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/findUserByPageServlet");
}3:UserService(delSelectedUser)
//删除选中用户
@Override
public void delSelectedUser(String[] ids) {
if(ids != null && ids.length > 0){
//1.遍历数组
for (String id : ids) {
//2.调用dao删除
dao.delete(Integer.parseInt(id));
}
}
}二：分页查询
(一)：分页查询页面
1:在list.jsp中添加组件分页栏
<div>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage == 1}">
<li class="disabled">
</c:if>
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage != 1}">
<li>
</c:if>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${pb.currentPage - 1}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<c:forEach begin="1" end="${pb.totalPage}" var="i" >
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage == i}">
<li class="active"><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${i}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}">${i}</a></li>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${pb.currentPage != i}">
<li><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${i}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}">${i}</a></li>
</c:if>
</c:forEach>
<li>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet?currentPage=${pb.currentPage + 1}&rows=5&name=${condition.name[0]}&address=${condition.address[0]}&email=${condition.email[0]}" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
<span style="font-size: 25px;margin-left: 5px;">
共${pb.totalCount}条记录，共${pb.totalPage}页
</span>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>(二)：后端代码实现
1:分页查询实体类的思路分析
1：添加一个分页查询相关的类
public class PageBean<T> {
private int totalCount; // 总记录数
private int totalPage ; // 总页码
private List<T> list ; // 每页的数据
private int currentPage ; //当前页码
private int rows;//每页显示的记录数2:分页查询的逻辑思路分析
3:FindUserByPageServlet
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//1.获取参数
String currentPage = request.getParameter("currentPage");//当前页码
String rows = request.getParameter("rows");//每页显示条数
if(currentPage == null || "".equals(currentPage)){
currentPage = "1";
}
if(rows == null || "".equals(rows)){
rows = "5";
}
//获取条件查询参数
Map<String, String[]> condition = request.getParameterMap();
//2.调用service查询
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
PageBean<User> pb = service.findUserByPage(currentPage,rows,condition);
System.out.println(pb);
//3.将PageBean存入request
request.setAttribute("pb",pb);
request.setAttribute("condition",condition);//将查询条件存入request
//4.转发到list.jsp
request.getRequestDispatcher("/list.jsp").forward(request,response);
}4:UserService(findUserByPage)
//分页条件查询
@Override
public PageBean<User> findUserByPage(String _currentPage, String _rows, Map<String, String[]> condition) {
int currentPage = Integer.parseInt(_currentPage);
int rows = Integer.parseInt(_rows);
//第1页的上一页永远返回1
if(currentPage <=0) {
currentPage = 1;
}
//1.创建空的PageBean对象
PageBean<User> pb = new PageBean<User>();
//2.设置参数
pb.setCurrentPage(currentPage);
pb.setRows(rows);
//3.调用dao查询总记录数
int totalCount = dao.findTotalCount(condition);
pb.setTotalCount(totalCount);
//4.调用dao查询List集合
//计算开始的记录索引
int start = (currentPage - 1) * rows;
List<User> list = dao.findByPage(start,rows,condition);
pb.setList(list);
//5.计算总页码
int totalPage = (totalCount % rows) == 0 ? totalCount/rows : (totalCount/rows) + 1;
pb.setTotalPage(totalPage);
return pb;
}5:UserDaoImpl(findTotalCount)
//查询总记录数
@Override
public int findTotalCount() {
//1.定义模板初始化sql
String sql = "select count(*) from user";
return template.queryForObject(sql,Integer.class);
}6:UserDaoImpl(findByPage)
//分页条件查询
@Override
public List<User> findByPage(int start, int rows) {
String sql = "select * from user limit?,? ;
return template.query(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>,start,rows);
}三：复杂条件查询
(一)：复杂条件查询界面
1:复杂条件查询的界面展示
2:复杂条件查询的jsp代码
<div style="float: left;">
<form class="form-inline" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/findUserByPageServlet" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputName2">姓名</label>
<input type="text" name="name" value="${condition.name[0]}" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2" >
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputName3">籍贯</label>
<input type="text" name="address" value="${condition.address[0]}" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName3" >
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail2">邮箱</label>
<input type="text" name="email" value="${condition.email[0]}" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" >
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">查询</button>
</form>
</div>(二)：后端代码实现
1:复杂条件查询的思路分析
2:在分页查询的FindUserByPageServlet基础上查询复杂条件的参数集合并传参
//获取条件查询参数
Map<String, String[]> condition = request.getParameterMap();
//2.调用service查询
UserService service = new UserServiceImpl();
PageBean<User> pb = service.findUserByPage(currentPage,rows,condition);
System.out.println(pb);3:在分页查询的UserService(findUserByPage) 的基础上传参
//3.调用dao查询总记录数
int totalCount = dao.findTotalCount(condition);
pb.setTotalCount(totalCount);
//4.调用dao查询List集合
//计算开始的记录索引
int start = (currentPage - 1) * rows;
List<User> list = dao.findByPage(start,rows,condition);
pb.setList(list);4:在分页查询的UserDaoImpl(findTotalCount)基础上判断复杂条件查询是否有值并且获取值
//查询总记录数
@Override
public int findTotalCount(Map<String, String[]> condition) {
//1.定义模板初始化sql
String sql = "select count(*) from user where 1 = 1 ";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sql);
//2.遍历map
Set<String> keySet = condition.keySet();
//定义参数的集合
List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
for (String key : keySet) {
//排除分页条件参数
if("currentPage".equals(key) || "rows".equals(key)){
continue;
}
//获取value
String value = condition.get(key)[0];
//判断value是否有值
if(value != null && !"".equals(value)){
//有值
sb.append(" and "+key+" like ? ");
params.add("%"+value+"%");//？条件的值
}
}
System.out.println(sb.toString());
System.out.println(params);
return template.queryForObject(sb.toString(),Integer.class,params.toArray());
}
5:在分页查询的UserDaoImpl(findByPage) 基础上遍历复杂条件查询的集合并为查询到的值做分页处理
//分页条件查询
@Override
public List<User> findByPage(int start, int rows, Map<String, String[]> condition) {
String sql = "select * from user where 1 = 1 ";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(sql);
//2.遍历map
Set<String> keySet = condition.keySet();
//定义参数的集合
List<Object> params = new ArrayList<Object>();
for (String key : keySet) {
//排除分页条件参数
if("currentPage".equals(key) || "rows".equals(key)){
continue;
}
//获取value
String value = condition.get(key)[0];
//判断value是否有值
if(value != null && !"".equals(value)){
//有值
sb.append(" and "+key+" like ? ");
params.add("%"+value+"%");//？条件的值//模糊查询
}
}
//添加分页查询
sb.append(" limit ?,? ");
//添加分页查询参数值
params.add(start);
params.add(rows);
sql = sb.toString();
System.out.println(sql);
System.out.println(params);
return template.query(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),params.toArray());
}以上就是用户信息管理系统的内容啦，希望我的文章对你有所帮助，如果有错误的地方还望大家批评指正，谢谢大家阅读!
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