1、在当前页截获键盘事件，所有按钮均被控制

  created () {
    this.keyDown();
  },
  beforeDestroy () {
    this.keyDownReview()
  },
  methods: {
    //按键恢复
    keyDownReview () {
      document.onkeydown = function (event) {
        var e = event || window.event;
        e.returnValue = true;
      }
    },
    //按钮监听键盘
    keyDown () {
      //监听键盘按钮
      document.onkeydown = function (event) {
        var e = event || window.event;
        var keyCode = e.keyCode || e.which;
        switch (keyCode) {
          case 112://F1
            alert('F1')
            break;
          case 113://F2
            alert('F2')
            break;
          case 117://F6
            alert('F6')
            break;
          case 119://F8
            alert('F8')
            break;
          case 13://enter
            alert('enter')
            break;
          default:
            break;
        }
        if (e && e.preventDefault) {
          e.preventDefault();
        } else {
          window.event.returnValue = false;
        }
      }
    },
}

2、单一按钮通过单一键盘键控制，其他不受影响

<el-button type="primary" @click="refresh">刷新(F1)</el-button>

  created () {
    this.keyDown()
  },
  beforeDestroy () {
    this.keyDownReview()
  },
  methods: {
    //按键恢复
    keyDownReview () {
      document.onkeydown = function (event) {
        var e = event || window.event;
        e.returnValue = true;
      }
    },
    //键盘按钮截获
    keyDown () {
      document.onkeydown = e => {
        //112表示F1键
        if (e.keyCode === 112) {
          //F1键后执行刷新方法
          this.refresh()
          //取消原来的后续事件
          e.preventDefault()
        }
      }
    },
    refresh () {
      alert('refresh')
    },
}

3、详细keyCode值列表

转自vue键盘事件监听 - 浅悠 - 博客园