异常详情如下

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect Class [org.springframework.cloud.context.properties.ConfigurationPropertiesBeans] from ClassLoader [sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2]
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:481) ~[spring-core-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:321) ~[spring-core-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.buildLifecycleMetadata(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:232) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findLifecycleMetadata(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:210) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:149) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:294) ~[spring-context-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1098) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:576) ~[spring-beans-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	... 30 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/boot/context/properties/ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods(Class.java:1975) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.getDeclaredMethods(ReflectionUtils.java:463) ~[spring-core-5.3.9.jar:5.3.9]
	... 37 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357) ~[na:1.8.0_191]
	... 41 common frames omitted

原因：

spring-boot-starter-parent 2.4.0版本以后去掉了ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata类，spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos最新版本还是2.2.6.RELEASE，对应的spring-cloud-context版本是2.2.6.RELEASE，因此如果使用了spring-boot-starter-parent2.4.0以上的版本就会出现这个异常

<parent>
   	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.3</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

解决办法：

从老版本中把ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata类拷到项目中，这样就能解决启动报错

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2021 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.boot.context.properties;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.GenericBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Utility class to memorize {@code @Bean} definition metadata during initialization of
 * the bean factory.
 *
 * @author Dave Syer
 * @since 1.1.0
 * @deprecated since 2.2.0 for removal in 2.4.0 in favor of
 * {@link ConfigurationPropertiesBean}
 */
@Deprecated
public class ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata implements ApplicationContextAware {

	/**
	 * The bean name that this class is registered with.
	 */
	public static final String BEAN_NAME = ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata.class.getName();

	private ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext;

	public <A extends Annotation> Map<String, Object> getBeansWithFactoryAnnotation(Class<A> type) {
		Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
		for (String name : this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory().getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
			if (findFactoryAnnotation(name, type) != null) {
				result.put(name, this.applicationContext.getBean(name));
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	public <A extends Annotation> A findFactoryAnnotation(String beanName, Class<A> type) {
		Method method = findFactoryMethod(beanName);
		return (method != null) ? AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, type) : null;
	}

	public Method findFactoryMethod(String beanName) {
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory();
		if (beanFactory.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
			BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (beanDefinition instanceof RootBeanDefinition) {
				return ((RootBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).getResolvedFactoryMethod();
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
		this.applicationContext = (ConfigurableApplicationContext) applicationContext;
	}

	static void register(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
		if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(BEAN_NAME)) {
			GenericBeanDefinition definition = new GenericBeanDefinition();
			definition.setBeanClass(ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata.class);
			definition.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
			registry.registerBeanDefinition(ConfigurationBeanFactoryMetadata.BEAN_NAME, definition);
		}
	}

}