CAN通讯进阶-基于Python使用dbc文件解析CAN数据(dbc文件的创建、使用方法)
CAN通讯进阶-基于Python使用DBC文件解析CAN数据配置环境1.环境配置1.1安装CAN通讯需要的包1.2 安装kvaser_drivers以及Kvaser CanKing2.使用DBC文件解析CAN帧2.1DBC文件2.2本博客布局3.DBC文件的创建3.1创建DBC文件代码3.2使用方法4.DBC文件发送指定格式的CAN数据4.1DBC文件发送指定格式的CAN数据代码4.2使用方法5.
CAN通讯进阶-基于Python使用DBC文件解析CAN数据
配置环境
使用环境:python3.6
平台:Windows10
IDE:PyCharm
1.环境配置
1.1安装CAN通讯需要的包
pip install canlib
1.2 安装kvaser_drivers以及Kvaser CanKing
这些软件可以在官网下载https://www.kvaser.com/download/
官网是英文的,看起来可能有点吃力,这里也给出云盘连接:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LDKyIlOV0Ky4d2qxryLZGQ
提取码:vwiv
下载下来之后的文件是这样的,三个文件依次双击安装就行了
安装完后,在开始栏可以查看到已经安装好了
2.使用DBC文件解析CAN帧
2.1DBC文件
DBC是Database Can的缩写,其代表的是CAN的数据库文件,在这个文件中把CAN通讯的信息定义的非常完整清楚,在Windows下其存在的格式便是dbc,如图所示:
有了DBC文件便可以对接收到的CAN帧进行解析,分析一系列CAN帧代表的真实物理含义。
正因为如此,每一个DBC文件都对应着一种CAN帧的规则,使用CAN作为通讯手段的设备(如汽车中发动机、车灯、车载空调等等)都有对应的DBC文件。
2.2本博客布局
本博客将从DBC文件的创建、使用DBC文件发送指定格式的CAN数据、使用DBC文件解析接收到的CAN数据来展开。
3.DBC文件的创建
3.1创建DBC文件代码
# author:Hurricane
# date: 2021/4/16
# File : CAN_Create_Database.py
# E-mail:hurri_cane@qq.com
import argparse
from collections import namedtuple
from canlib import kvadblib
Message = namedtuple('Message', 'name id dlc signals')
Signal = namedtuple('Signal', 'name size scaling limits unit')
EnumSignal = namedtuple('EnumSignal', 'name size scaling limits unit enums')
_messages = [
Message(
name='EngineData',
id=100,
dlc=8,
signals=[
Signal(
name='PetrolLevel',
size=(24, 8),
scaling=(1, 0),
limits=(0, 255),
unit="l",
),
Signal(
name='EngPower',
size=(48, 16),
scaling=(0.01, 0),
limits=(0, 150),
unit="kW",
),
Signal(
name='EngForce',
size=(32, 16),
scaling=(1, 0),
limits=(0, 0),
unit="N",
),
EnumSignal(
name='IdleRunning',
size=(23, 1),
scaling=(1, 0),
limits=(0, 0),
unit="",
enums={'Running': 0, 'Idle': 1},
),
Signal(
name='EngTemp',
size=(16, 7),
scaling=(2, -50),
limits=(-50, 150),
unit="degC",
),
Signal(
name='EngSpeed',
size=(0, 16),
scaling=(1, 0),
limits=(0, 8000),
unit="rpm",
),
]),
Message(
name='GearBoxInfo',
id=1020,
dlc=1,
signals=[
Signal(
name='EcoMode',
size=(6, 2),
scaling=(1, 0),
limits=(0, 1),
unit="",
),
EnumSignal(
name='ShiftRequest',
size=(3, 1),
scaling=(1, 0),
limits=(0, 0),
unit="",
enums={'Shift_Request_On': 1, 'Shift_Request_Off': 0},
),
EnumSignal(
name='Gear',
size=(0, 3),
scaling=(1, 0),
limits=(0, 5),
unit="",
enums={
'Idle': 0,
'Gear_1': 1,
'Gear_2': 2,
'Gear_3': 3,
'Gear_4': 4,
'Gear_5': 5,
},
),
]),
]
def create_database(name, filename):
db = kvadblib.Dbc(name=name)
for _msg in _messages:
message = db.new_message(
name=_msg.name,
id=_msg.id,
dlc=_msg.dlc,
)
for _sig in _msg.signals:
if isinstance(_sig, EnumSignal):
_type = kvadblib.SignalType.ENUM_UNSIGNED
_enums = _sig.enums
else:
_type = kvadblib.SignalType.UNSIGNED
_enums = {}
message.new_signal(
name=_sig.name,
type=_type,
byte_order=kvadblib.SignalByteOrder.INTEL,
mode=kvadblib.SignalMultiplexMode.MUX_INDEPENDENT,
size=kvadblib.ValueSize(*_sig.size),
scaling=kvadblib.ValueScaling(*_sig.scaling),
limits=kvadblib.ValueLimits(*_sig.limits),
unit=_sig.unit,
enums=_enums,
)
db.write_file(filename)
db.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Create a database from scratch.")
parser.add_argument('--filename', default=r'..\engine_example.dbc', help=(
"The filename to save the database to."))
parser.add_argument('-n', '--name', default='Engine example', help=(
"The name of the database (not the filename, the internal name."))
args = parser.parse_args()
create_database(args.name, args.filename)
3.2使用方法
代码中if __name__ == '__main__':
下:
parser.add_argument('--filename', default=r'..\engine_example.dbc', help=(
"The filename to save the database to."))
指定的filename为创建的DBC文件的路径以及文件名,本代码中便是将DBC文件存在代码所在目录的上层目录中,以engine_example.dbc
文件名保存
代码中_messages
列表
便是定义CAN帧解析的规则,可以定义:
-
CAN帧的id
-
CAN帧的数据长度
-
CAN帧的解析single规则
等等…创建方式如下:
4.DBC文件发送指定格式的CAN数据
4.1DBC文件发送指定格式的CAN数据代码
# author:Hurricane
# date: 2021/4/12
# File : CAN_Random_Send.py
# E-mail:hurri_cane@qq.com
import argparse
import time
import random
from canlib import canlib, kvadblib
bitrates = {
'1M': canlib.canBITRATE_1M,
'500K': canlib.canBITRATE_500K,
'250K': canlib.canBITRATE_250K,
'125K': canlib.canBITRATE_125K,
'100K': canlib.canBITRATE_100K,
'62K': canlib.canBITRATE_62K,
'50K': canlib.canBITRATE_50K,
'83K': canlib.canBITRATE_83K,
'10K': canlib.canBITRATE_10K,
}
# 随机在dbc结构中抽取一个结构
def set_random_framebox_signal(db, framebox, signals):
sig = random.choice(signals)
value = get_random_value(db, sig)
framebox.signal(sig.name).phys = value
# 随机在抽取到的结构帧的数值范围中产生一个值
def get_random_value(db, sig):
limits = sig.limits
value = random.uniform(limits.min, limits.max)
# round value depending on type...
if (
sig.type is kvadblib.SignalType.UNSIGNED or
sig.type is kvadblib.SignalType.SIGNED
):
# ...remove decimals if the signal was of type unsigned
value = int(round(value))
else:
# ...otherwise, round to get only one decimal
value = round(value, 1)
return value
def ping_loop(channel_number, db_name, num_messages, quantity, interval, bitrate, seed=0):
db = kvadblib.Dbc(filename=db_name)
ch = canlib.openChannel(channel_number, canlib.canOPEN_ACCEPT_VIRTUAL)
ch.setBusOutputControl(canlib.canDRIVER_NORMAL)
ch.setBusParams(bitrate)
ch.busOn()
random.seed(seed)
if num_messages == -1:
# used_messages为dbc文件定义的所有帧结构
used_messages = list(db)
else:
used_messages = random.sample(list(db), num_messages)
print()
print("Randomly selecting signals from the following messages:")
print(used_messages)
print("Seed used was " + repr(seed))
print()
while True:
# Create an empty framebox each time, ignoring previously set signal
# values.
framebox = kvadblib.FrameBox(db)
# Add all messages to the framebox, as we may use send any signal from
# any of them.
for msg in db:
framebox.add_message(msg.name)
# Make a list of all signals (which framebox has found in all messages
# we gave it), so that set_random_framebox_signal() can pick a random
# one.
signals = [bsig.signal for bsig in framebox.signals()]
# Set some random signals to random values
for i in range(quantity):
set_random_framebox_signal(db, framebox, signals)
# Send all messages/frames
for frame in framebox.frames():
print('Sending frame', frame)
ch.writeWait(frame, timeout=5000)
time.sleep(interval)
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Send random CAN message based on a database.")
parser.add_argument('channel', type=int, default=0, nargs='?', help=(
"The channel to send messages on."))
parser.add_argument('--bitrate', '-b', default='500k', help=(
"Bitrate, one of " + ', '.join(bitrates.keys())))
parser.add_argument('--db', default="../Mobileye.dbc", help=(
"The database file to base messages on."))
parser.add_argument('-Q', '--quantity', type=int, default=5, help=(
"The number of signals to send each tick."))
parser.add_argument('-I', '--interval', type=float, default=0.2, help=(
"The time, in seconds, between ticks."))
parser.add_argument('-n', '--num-messages', type=int, default=-1, help=(
"The number of message from the database to use, or -1 to use all."))
parser.add_argument('-s', '--seed', nargs='?', default='0', help=(
"The seed used for choosing messages. If possible, will be converted to an int. If no argument is given, a random seed will be used."))
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.seed is None:
seed = None
else:
try:
seed = int(args.seed)
except ValueError:
seed = args.seed
ping_loop(
channel_number=args.channel,
db_name=args.db,
num_messages=args.num_messages,
quantity=args.quantity,
interval=args.interval,
bitrate=bitrates[args.bitrate.upper()],
seed=args.seed,
)
4.2使用方法
这份代码的功能为:
以DBC文件规定的数据格式,随机发送一些数据帧出去
代码中if __name__ == '__main__':
下:
parser.add_argument('--db', default="../Mobileye.dbc", help=(
"The database file to base messages on."))
指定的filename为读取的DBC文件的路径,本代码中读取的DBC文件存在代码所在目录的上层目录中,以Mobileye.dbc
文件名存在
PS:这里面的DBC文件也可以改为3.1创建DBC文件代码中生成的engine_example.dbc
文件
此处附上两个DBC文件的云盘链接
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1JAT2o2fPzto8555qU-lVKg
提取码:49bv
为了测试发送数据是否成功,采用上篇博客2.2.1使用Kvaser Can King接收数据中的方法。链接如下:
https://blog.csdn.net/ShakalakaPHD/article/details/115767739
运行4.1代码:
可以看到Kvaser Can King接收到各式各样的数据,但是其中的具含义我们并不清楚,这边涉及到第5节,使用DBC文件解析接收到的CAN帧。
5.使用DBC文件解析接收到的CAN数据
5.1使用DBC文件解析接收到的CAN数据代码
# author:Hurricane
# date: 2021/4/16
# File : CAN_Using_Database.py
# E-mail:hurri_cane@qq.com
import argparse
from canlib import canlib, kvadblib
bitrates = {
'1M': canlib.canBITRATE_1M,
'500K': canlib.canBITRATE_500K,
'250K': canlib.canBITRATE_250K,
'125K': canlib.canBITRATE_125K,
'100K': canlib.canBITRATE_100K,
'62K': canlib.canBITRATE_62K,
'50K': canlib.canBITRATE_50K,
'83K': canlib.canBITRATE_83K,
'10K': canlib.canBITRATE_10K,
}
def printframe(db, frame):
try:
bmsg = db.interpret(frame)
except kvadblib.KvdNoMessage:
print("<<< No message found for frame with id %s >>>" % frame.id)
return
msg = bmsg._message
# form = '═^' + str(width)
# print(format(" %s " % msg.name, form))
print('┏', msg.name)
if msg.comment:
print('┃', '"%s"' % msg.comment)
for bsig in bmsg:
print('┃', bsig.name + ':', bsig.value, bsig.unit)
print('┗')
def monitor_channel(channel_number, db_name, bitrate, ticktime):
db = kvadblib.Dbc(filename=db_name)
ch = canlib.openChannel(channel_number, canlib.canOPEN_ACCEPT_VIRTUAL)
ch.setBusOutputControl(canlib.canDRIVER_NORMAL)
ch.setBusParams(bitrate)
ch.busOn()
timeout = 0.5
tick_countup = 0
if ticktime <= 0:
ticktime = None
elif ticktime < timeout:
timeout = ticktime
print("Listening...")
while True:
try:
frame = ch.read(timeout=int(timeout * 1000))
printframe(db, frame)
except canlib.CanNoMsg:
if ticktime is not None:
tick_countup += timeout
while tick_countup > ticktime:
print("tick")
tick_countup -= ticktime
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Stop.")
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Listen on a CAN channel and print all signals received, as specified by a database.")
parser.add_argument('channel', type=int, default=1, nargs='?', help=(
"The channel to listen on."))
parser.add_argument('--db', default="../Mobileye.dbc", help=(
"The database file to look up messages and signals in."))
parser.add_argument('--bitrate', '-b', default='500k', help=(
"Bitrate, one of " + ', '.join(bitrates.keys())))
parser.add_argument('--ticktime', '-t', type=float, default=0, help=(
"If greater than zero, display 'tick' every this many seconds"))
args = parser.parse_args()
monitor_channel(args.channel, args.db, bitrates[args.bitrate.upper()], args.ticktime)
5.2使用方法
代码中if __name__ == '__main__':
下:
parser.add_argument('--db', default="../Mobileye.dbc", help=(
"The database file to look up messages and signals in."))
指定的filename为读取的DBC文件的路径,本代码中读取的DBC文件存在代码所在目录的上层目录中,以Mobileye.dbc
文件名存在
PS:这里面的DBC文件也可以改为3.1创建DBC文件代码中生成的engine_example.dbc
文件
为了测试解析数据是否有效,采用此博客中4.DBC文件发送指定格式的CAN数据
节下的随机发送数据的代码发送数据。
运行4.1节代码后,再运行5.1节代码来解析数据:
可以看到相较于Kvaser Can King接收到各式各样的数据,使用DBC文件解析后的数据都已准换为了真实的物理含义:
6.参考文献
Python Canlib Documentation
file:///D:/Program%20Files%20(x86)/kvaserCAN/canlib/python/pycanlib/docs/index.html
7.结束语
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