Matplotlib绘图-颜色，字体，刻度，label，tick_label，粗细，图例设置
From: subceTips整理一下关于绘图的基本设置，主要包括：自定义legend二维图tick的长度和粗细孪生x轴、y轴设置二维图边框粗细给三维图添加边框设置三维图背景颜色为白色三维图tick的长度和粗细Legend# 自定义legendlenline1 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='r', marker='s', linewidth=0.85,markers
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From: subce
Tips
整理一下关于绘图的基本设置，主要包括：
- 自定义legend
- 二维图tick的长度和粗细
- 孪生x轴、y轴
- 设置二维图边框粗细
- 给三维图添加边框
- 设置三维图背景颜色为白色
- 三维图tick的长度和粗细
Legend
# 自定义legend
lenline1 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='r', marker='s', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='Learning rate=0.0001')
lenline2 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='g', marker='D', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='Learning rate=0.00001')
lenline3 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='b', marker='^', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='Learning rate=0.001')
legend = ax.legend(handles=[lenline1,lenline2,lenline3], loc='lower right', bbox_to_anchor=(0.99, 0.01),ncol=1,frameon=True,fancybox=False,
facecolor='white',edgecolor='red') # Add a legend.
2D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator,AutoMinorLocator
# 1pt = 0.35146mm = 0.035146cm
# 1inch = 2.54cm = 72.27pt
# 图表坐标轴线条粗细最佳为 0.2mm = [0.57pt]
# 线条粗细在0.1mm-0.4mm之间 >>> 0.3mm = [0.85pt]
# 原则上不超过14号字，尽量使用7-12号字，尽量少使用小于6号以下的字体
# 最多见的文字大小推荐使用7、8、9号字 >> [9pt]
# 图片大小 单位厘米
fw = 10/2.54
fh = 8/2.54
# 设置全局的字体
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
mpl.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Times New Roman'
mpl.rcParams['font.style'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.variant'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.weight'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.stretch'] ='normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.size'] = 9
# 第一种方式设置字体
font0 = {'fontfamily': 'serif',
'fontname': 'Times New Roman',
'fontstyle': 'normal',
'fontvariant': 'normal',
'fontweight': 'normal',
'fontstretch': 'normal',
'fontsize': 9}
# 第二种方式设置字体
tick_font = fm.FontProperties(family='Times New Roman', style='normal', variant='normal', weight='normal',
stretch='normal', size=9)
x = np.linspace(0, 2, 100)
# 1pt = 0.35146mm = 0.035146cm
# 1inch = 2.54cm = 72.27pt
#plt.rcParams['xtick.direction'] = 'in'
#plt.rcParams['ytick.direction'] = 'in'
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(fw,fh))
# figsize=(8/2.54,6/2.54),dpi=72
ax = fig.add_subplot(111) # Create a figure and an axes.
ax.plot(x, x, label='linear',linewidth=0.85) # Plot some data on the axes.
ax.plot(x, x**2, label='quadratic',linewidth=0.85) # Plot more data on the axes...
ax.plot(x, x**3, label='cubic',linewidth=0.85) # ... and some more.
# 图形四周是否显示tick
ax.tick_params(bottom=True, top=True, left=True, right=True)
# 图形四周是否显示tick_label
ax.tick_params(labelbottom=True, labeltop=False, labelleft=True, labelright=False)
#ax.tick_params(which='both', width=2)
#ax.tick_params(which='major', length=7)
#ax.tick_params(which='minor', length=4, color='r')
# axis --> 坐标轴
# which --> 主要和次要tick ”both" "major" minor"
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which='both', direction="in") # length=16, width=2, color="turquoise"
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which='both', direction="in")
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=0.5))
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(base=0.1))
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=5))
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=1))
#ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=2))
# 设置tick的长度和宽度
for xtl in ax.get_xticklines():
xtl.set_markersize(2) #length
xtl.set_markeredgewidth(0.57) #width
for ytl in ax.get_yticklines():
ytl.set_markersize(2)
ytl.set_markeredgewidth(0.57)
# 设置tick_label字体
for xtlabel in ax.get_xticklabels():
xtlabel.set_fontproperties(tick_font)
for ytlabel in ax.get_yticklabels():
ytlabel.set_fontproperties(tick_font)
#ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(0,2,5),minor=False)
#ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(0,2,21),minor=True)
#ax.set_yticks(np.linspace(0,9,10),minor=False)
#ax.set_yticks(np.linspace(0,9,19),minor=True)
#ax.minorticks_off()
# tick_label 为公式
#ticks = [-np.pi/2,np.pi/2.]
#labels = [r"$-\frac{\pi}{2}$",r"$\frac{\pi}{2}$"]
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ticker.FixedLocator(ticks))
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(ticker.FixedFormatter(labels))
# 设置图形变宽线宽度和颜色
bwith = 0.57
ax.spines['left'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
ax.spines['left'].set_linewidth(bwith)
ax.spines['right'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(bwith)
ax.spines['top'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
ax.spines['top'].set_linewidth(bwith)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(bwith)
#ax.spines['left'].set_color('black')
#ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(bwith)
# 设置图形坐标轴标签和标题字体
ax.set_xlabel('x labelgg',fontdict=font0) # Add an x-label to the axes.
ax.set_ylabel('y labelgg',fontdict=font0) # Add a y-label to the axes.
ax.set_title("Simple Plot",fontdict=font0) # Add a title to the axes.
legend = ax.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(0.01, 0.99),ncol=1,frameon=True,fancybox=False,
facecolor='white',edgecolor='red') # Add a legend.
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_linewidth(0.57) # 设置图例边框线宽
frame.set_edgecolor("black") # 设置图例边框颜色
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('E:/Users/SubChange/Desktop/dd.tiff',dpi=600)
plt.show()
2D-twinxy
'''
基本同上，注意两个y轴的设置
'''
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.lines as mlines
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator,AutoMinorLocator,NullLocator
# 1pt = 0.35146mm = 0.035146cm
# 1inch = 2.54cm = 72.27pt
# 图表坐标轴线条粗细最佳为 0.2mm = [0.57pt]
# 线条粗细在0.1mm-0.4mm之间 >>> 0.3mm = [0.85pt]
# 原则上不超过14号字，尽量使用7-12号字，尽量少使用小于6号以下的字体
# 最多见的文字大小推荐使用7、8号字 >> [8pt]
fw = 10/2.54
fh = 8/2.54
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
mpl.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Times New Roman'
mpl.rcParams['font.style'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.variant'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.weight'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.stretch'] ='normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.size'] = 9
#mpl.rcParams['xtick.minor.size'] = 10
#mpl.rcParams['xtick.minor.width'] = 2
font0 = {'fontfamily': 'serif',
'fontname': 'Times New Roman',
'fontstyle': 'normal',
'fontvariant': 'normal',
'fontweight': 'normal',
'fontstretch': 'normal',
'fontsize': 9}
tick_font = fm.FontProperties(family='Times New Roman', style='normal', variant='normal', weight='normal',
stretch='normal', size=9)
x = np.linspace(0, 2, 100)
# 1pt = 0.35146mm = 0.035146cm
# 1inch = 2.54cm = 72.27pt
#plt.rcParams['xtick.direction'] = 'in'
#plt.rcParams['ytick.direction'] = 'in'
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(fw,fh))
# figsize=(8/2.54,6/2.54),dpi=72
ax = fig.add_subplot(111) # Create a figure and an axes.
ax.plot(x, x, label='linear',linewidth=0.85,c='r') # Plot some data on the axes.
ax.plot(x, x**2, label='quadratic',linewidth=0.85,c='g') # Plot more data on the axes...
ax.plot(x, x**3, label='cubic',linewidth=0.85,c='b') # ... and some more.
ax.set_xlim([0,2])
ax.set_ylim([0,9])
ax.tick_params(bottom=True, top=True, left=True, right=True)
ax.tick_params(labelbottom=True, labeltop=True, labelleft=True, labelright=True)
#ax.tick_params(which='both', width=2)
#ax.tick_params(which='major', length=7)
#ax.tick_params(which='minor', length=4, color='r')
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which='both', direction="in") # length=16, width=2, color="turquoise"
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which='minor', length=2.1, width=0.5, color="red") # length=16, width=2, color="turquoise"
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=0.5))
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(base=0.1))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=5))
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=1))
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=2))
for xtl in ax.get_xticklines():
xtl.set_markersize(2.85) #length
xtl.set_markeredgewidth(0.57)
for ytl in ax.get_yticklines():
ytl.set_markersize(2.85)
ytl.set_markeredgewidth(0.57)
for xtlabel in ax.get_xticklabels():
xtlabel.set_fontproperties(tick_font)
for ytlabel in ax.get_yticklabels():
ytlabel.set_fontproperties(tick_font)
#ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(0,2,5),minor=False)
#ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(0,2,21),minor=True)
#ax.set_yticks(np.linspace(0,9,10),minor=False)
#ax.set_yticks(np.linspace(0,9,19),minor=True)
#ax.minorticks_off()
#ticks = [-np.pi/2,np.pi/2.]
#labels = [r"$-\frac{\pi}{2}$",r"$\frac{\pi}{2}$"]
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ticker.FixedLocator(ticks))
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(ticker.FixedFormatter(labels))
bwith = 0.57
ax.spines['left'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
ax.spines['left'].set_linewidth(bwith)
#ax.spines['right'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
#ax.spines['right'].set_linewidth(bwith)
#ax.spines['top'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
#ax.spines['top'].set_linewidth(bwith)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color((0,0,0,1))
ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(bwith)
#ax.spines['left'].set_color('black')
#ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(bwith)
# =====================================================
# 设置第二个y轴
axw = ax.twiny()
axw.set_xlim([0,2])
axw.tick_params(axis="x", which='both', direction="in", color='b')
axw.tick_params(axis="x", which='minor', length=2.1, width=0.5, color="green")
axw.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=0.5))
axw.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=5))
for xwtl in axw.get_xticklines():
xwtl.set_markersize(2.85)
xwtl.set_markeredgewidth(0.57)
axw.set_xlim([0,4])
axw.set_ylim([0,9])
axw.plot(x, x**3, label='cubic_twinx',linewidth=0.85,c='c') # Plot more data on the axes...
# 设置第二个x轴
ayw = ax.twinx()
ayw.set_ylim([0,9])
ayw.tick_params(axis="y", which='both', direction="in", color='b')
ayw.tick_params(axis="y", which='minor', length=2.1, width=0.5, color="green")
ayw.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=1))
ayw.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=2))
for ywtl in ayw.get_yticklines():
ywtl.set_markersize(2.85)
ywtl.set_markeredgewidth(0.57)
ayw.set_xlim([0,2])
ayw.set_ylim([0,18])
ayw.plot(x, x**3, label='cubic_twiny',linewidth=0.85,c='m') # ... and some more.
ax.set_xlabel('x [mm]',fontdict=font0) # Add an x-label to the axes.
ax.set_ylabel('y [mm]',fontdict=font0) # Add a y-label to the axes.
ax.set_title("Simple Plot",fontdict=font0) # Add a title to the axes.
# 自定义legend
lenline1 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='r', marker='', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='linear')
lenline2 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='g', marker='', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='quadratic')
lenline3 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='b', marker='', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='cubic')
lenline4 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='c', marker='', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='cubic_twinx')
lenline5 = mlines.Line2D([], [], color='m', marker='', linewidth=0.85,
markersize=5, label='cubic_twiny')
legend = ax.legend(handles=[lenline1,lenline2,lenline3,lenline4,lenline5], loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=((0.01, 0.99)),ncol=1,frameon=True,fancybox=False,
facecolor='white',edgecolor='k',framealpha=1.0) # Add a legend.
frame = legend.get_frame()
frame.set_linewidth(0.57)
frame.set_edgecolor("black")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('E:/Users/SubChange/Desktop/dd1.jpg',dpi=600)
plt.show()
3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import art3d
import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator,AutoMinorLocator,NullLocator
# 全局字体参数
mpl.rcParams['font.family'] = 'serif'
mpl.rcParams['font.serif'] = 'Times New Roman'
mpl.rcParams['font.style'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.variant'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.weight'] = 'normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.stretch'] ='normal'
mpl.rcParams['font.size'] = 9
#mpl.rcParams['xtick.minor.size'] = 10
#mpl.rcParams['xtick.minor.width'] = 2
# 字体1
font0 = {'fontfamily': 'serif',
'fontname': 'Times New Roman',
'fontstyle': 'normal',
'fontvariant': 'normal',
'fontweight': 'normal',
'fontstretch': 'normal',
'fontsize': 9}
# 字体2
tick_font = fm.FontProperties(family='Times New Roman', style='normal', variant='normal', weight='normal',
stretch='normal', size=9)
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
'''
因为matplotlib默认不会在3d图上添加边框，这里需要手动添加
'''
def add_borders(ax,edgecolor=(0,0,0,1),linewidth=0.57,scale=1.021):
#ax.xaxis.pane.set_edgecolor(edgecolor)
#ax.xaxis.pane.set_linewidth(linewidth)
#ax.yaxis.pane.set_edgecolor(edgecolor)
#ax.yaxis.pane.set_linewidth(linewidth)
#ax.zaxis.pane.set_edgecolor(edgecolor)
#ax.zaxis.pane.set_linewidth(linewidth)
#ax.xaxis.pane.set_alpha(1)
#ax.yaxis.pane.set_alpha(1)
#ax.zaxis.pane.set_alpha(1)
#ax.zaxis._axinfo['juggled'] = (1,2,0)
xlims = ax.get_xlim3d()
xoffset = (xlims[1] - xlims[0])*scale
xlims = np.array([xlims[1] - xoffset, xlims[0] + xoffset])
ylims = ax.get_ylim3d()
yoffset = (ylims[1] - ylims[0])*scale
ylims = np.array([ylims[1] - yoffset, ylims[0] + yoffset])
zlims = ax.get_zlim3d()
zoffset = (zlims[1] - zlims[0])*scale
zlims = np.array([zlims[1] - zoffset, zlims[0] + zoffset])
verts1 = np.array([[xlims[0], ylims[1], zlims[0]],
[xlims[0], ylims[0], zlims[0]],
[xlims[0], ylims[0], zlims[1]],
[xlims[0], ylims[1], zlims[1]]])
verts2 = np.array([[xlims[1], ylims[1], zlims[0]],
[xlims[0], ylims[1], zlims[0]],
[xlims[0], ylims[1], zlims[1]],
[xlims[1], ylims[1], zlims[1]]])
#i = np.array([xlims[0], ylims[0], zlims[0]])
#f = np.array([xlims[0], ylims[0], zlims[1]])
p = art3d.Line3DCollection([verts1,verts2],facecolor=(1,1,1,0),colors=edgecolor,linewidths=linewidth)
ax.add_collection3d(p)
return True
def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
"""
Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
"""
return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin
# 图形大小 单位：厘米
fw = 10/2.54
fh = 10/2.54
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(fw,fh),facecolor=(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0))
ax = Axes3D(fig,rect=(0,0,1,1),facecolor=(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0))
# 设置三维图形背景颜色（r,g,b,a）
ax.w_xaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
ax.w_yaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
ax.w_zaxis.set_pane_color((1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
n = 100
# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box
# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
for m, zlow, zhigh in [('o', -50, -25), ('^', -30, -5)]:
xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)
ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh)
ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, s=10, marker=m)
# 设置tick的颜色和线粗
#ax.w_xaxis.line.set_color('red')
#ax.w_yaxis.line.set_color('red')
#ax.w_zaxis.line.set_color('red')
for axis_tmp in [ax.w_xaxis, ax.w_yaxis, ax.w_zaxis]:
axis_tmp.line.set_linewidth(0.57)
axis_tmp.line.set_color((1,0,1,1))
# 设置网格颜色和粗细
#ax.xaxis._axinfo["grid"].update({"linewidth":0.5, "color": '#ee0009'})
ax.xaxis._axinfo["grid"]['linewidth'] = 0.5
#ax.xaxis._axinfo["grid"]['color'] = "#ee0009"
ax.xaxis._axinfo["grid"]['linestyle'] = "-"
ax.yaxis._axinfo["grid"]['linewidth'] = 0.5
#ax.yaxis._axinfo["grid"]['color'] = "#ee0009"
ax.yaxis._axinfo["grid"]['linestyle'] = "-"
ax.zaxis._axinfo["grid"]['linewidth'] = 0.5
#ax.zaxis._axinfo["grid"]['color'] = "#ee0009"
ax.zaxis._axinfo["grid"]['linestyle'] = "-"
# 设置tick的颜色的粗细
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which='both', direction="in")
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which='major', length=2.85, width=0.57, color="red")
ax.tick_params(axis="both", which='minor', length=2.1, width=0.5, color="blue")
# ax.tick_params(axis='both', width=10, labelsize=10, pad=0)
ax.set_title('3d title', fontdict=font0, loc='center')
ax.set_xlabel('x [mm]',fontdict=font0)
ax.set_ylabel('y [mm]',fontdict=font0)
ax.set_zlabel('z [mm]',fontdict=font0)
ax.set_xlim([23,32])
ax.set_ylim([0,100])
ax.set_zlim([-50,-5])
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=5))
#ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(base=0.1))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=2))
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=30))
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=2))
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(MultipleLocator(base=10))
ax.zaxis.set_minor_locator(AutoMinorLocator(n=2))
add_borders(ax,edgecolor=(0,0,0,1),linewidth=0.57) # 添加边框
ax.view_init(elev=20,azim=-80) # 设置视角
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('E:/Users/SubChange/Desktop/dd3d.tiff',dpi=600)
plt.show()
print("over")
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