本例尝试使用TransBigData+leuvenmapmatching实现出租车GPS数据的路网匹配，使用的样例数据在：https://github.com/ni1o1/transbigdata/tree/main/docs/source/gallery/dataA Python package developed for transportation spatio-temporal big data processing and analysis. - transbigdata/example/data at main · ni1o1/transbigdatahttps://github.com/ni1o1/transbigdata/tree/main/docs/source/gallery/data

说明

本案例中用到的基础技术方法在我录制的课程中：

出租车GPS数据常见处理思路-OD提取？轨迹提取？地图匹配_哔哩哔哩_bilibili【视频简介】本系列视频是我和立方数据学院合作的交通时空大数据系列【进阶课程】视频中的出租车GPS数据处理方法在进阶课程中有代码实操和讲解，交通大数据分析实战：https://www.lifangshuju.com/#/introduce/154https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1WL4y1L7QG

【课程合集-零基础】大数据博士带你零基础入门Python时空大数据分析_哔哩哔哩_bilibili【课程简介】本系列视频是我和立方数据学院合作的python城市研究系列【课程资料】添加立方数据学院客服小鲨鱼（微信号：wo_am_nini），可加入立方数据学院技术交流群， 在群里面可获取视频的课程资料，群里也提供答疑服务【进阶课程】交通大数据分析实战：https://www.lifangshuju.com/#/introduce/154https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Gr4y1q7F9

轨迹整理

import transbigdata as tbd
import pandas as pd
# 地图匹配包
from leuvenmapmatching.matcher.distance import DistanceMatcher
from leuvenmapmatching.map.inmem import InMemMap
from leuvenmapmatching import visualization as mmviz

#读取数据
data = pd.read_csv('TaxiData-Sample.csv',header = None)
data.columns = ['VehicleNum','Time','Lng','Lat','OpenStatus','Speed']

#从GPS数据提取OD与路径GPS
oddata = tbd.taxigps_to_od(data,col = ['VehicleNum','Time','Lng','Lat','OpenStatus'])
data_deliver,data_idle = tbd.taxigps_traj_point(data,oddata,col=['VehicleNum', 'Time', 'Lng', 'Lat', 'OpenStatus'])

 路网建模

# 获取路网
import osmnx as ox
bounds = [113.75, 22.4, 114.62, 22.86]
north, south, east, west = bounds[3], bounds[1], bounds[2], bounds[0]
G = ox.graph_from_bbox(north, south, east, west, network_type='drive')

#存储路网
ox.save_graphml(G,'shenzhen.graphml')

#获取道路中心点坐标
nodes, edges = ox.graph_to_gdfs(G, nodes=True, edges=True)
edges['lon'] = edges.centroid.x
edges['lat'] = edges.centroid.y

#转换路网的坐标系
G_p = ox.project_graph(G, to_crs=2416)
nodes_p, edges_p = ox.graph_to_gdfs(G_p, nodes=True, edges=True)

edges_p.plot()

# 将路网转换为网络
map_con = InMemMap(name='pNEUMA', use_latlon=False) # , use_rtree=True, index_edges=True)

# 构建网络
for node_id, row in nodes_p.iterrows():
    map_con.add_node(node_id, (row['y'], row['x']))
for node_id_1, node_id_2, _ in G_p.edges:
    map_con.add_edge(node_id_1, node_id_2)

 地图匹配

#用transbigdata提取出行轨迹
import geopandas as gpd
tmp_gdf = data_deliver[data_deliver['ID'] == 22].sort_values(by = 'Time')
#轨迹增密
tmp_gdf = tbd.traj_densify(tmp_gdf,col = ['ID', 'Time', 'Lng', 'Lat'],timegap = 15)
#转换轨迹的坐标系为地理坐标系
tmp_gdf['geometry'] = gpd.points_from_xy(tmp_gdf['Lng'],tmp_gdf['Lat'])
tmp_gdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame(tmp_gdf)
tmp_gdf.crs = {'init':'epsg:4326'}
tmp_gdf = tmp_gdf.to_crs(2416)
#获得轨迹点
path = list(zip(tmp_gdf.geometry.y, tmp_gdf.geometry.x))
#构建地图匹配工具
matcher = DistanceMatcher(map_con, 
                          max_dist=500, 
                          max_dist_init=170, 
                          min_prob_norm=0.0001,
                        non_emitting_length_factor=0.95,
                        obs_noise=50, 
                          obs_noise_ne=50,
                              dist_noise=50,
                              max_lattice_width=20,
                              non_emitting_states=True)
#进行地图匹配
states, _ = matcher.match(path, unique=False)
#绘制底图匹配结果
mmviz.plot_map(map_con, matcher=matcher,
               show_labels=False, show_matching=True,# show_graph=True,
               filename=None)

#获取地图匹配的路径geodataframe
pathdf = pd.DataFrame(matcher.path_pred_onlynodes,columns = ['u'])
pathdf['v'] = pathdf['u'].shift(-1)
pathdf = pathdf[-pathdf['v'].isnull()]
pathgdf = pd.merge(pathdf,edges_p.reset_index())
pathgdf = gpd.GeoDataFrame(pathgdf)
pathgdf.plot()
pathgdf.crs = {'init':'epsg:2416'}
pathgdf_4326 = pathgdf.to_crs(4326)

 结果可视化

#与路网一起可视化
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig     = plt.figure(1,(8,8),dpi = 100)    
ax      = plt.subplot(111)
plt.sca(ax)
fig.tight_layout(rect = (0.05,0.1,1,0.9))
#设定可视化边界
bounds = pathgdf_4326.unary_union.bounds
gap = 0.003
bounds = [bounds[0]-gap,bounds[1]-gap,bounds[2]+gap,bounds[3]+gap]
#绘制匹配的路径
pathgdf_4326.plot(ax = ax,zorder = 1)
#绘制底图路网
tbd.clean_outofbounds(edges,bounds,col = ['lon','lat']).plot(ax = ax,color = '#333',lw = 0.1)
#绘制GPS点
tmp_gdf.to_crs(4326).plot(ax = ax,color = 'r',markersize = 5,zorder = 2)

plt.axis('off')
plt.xlim(bounds[0],bounds[2])
plt.ylim(bounds[1],bounds[3])
plt.show()

 随便选几个轨迹匹配的结果：

 

 

 参考链接

TransBigData 为交通时空大数据而生 — TransBigData 0.2.7 文档https://transbigdata.readthedocs.io/Leuven.MapMatching’s documentation — Leuven.MapMatching 1.0.0 documentationhttps://leuvenmapmatching.readthedocs.io/en/latest/OSMnx 1.1.2 — OSMnx 1.1.2 documentationhttps://osmnx.readthedocs.io/en/stable/