python 提示 keyError 的4种解决方法

https://blog.csdn.net/u011089523/article/details/72887163在读取dict的key和value时，如果key不存在，就会触发KeyError错误，如：Pythont = {'a': '1','b': '2','c': '3',}print(t['d'])就会出现：<code class="language-plain hljs" styl

i学长的猫

189932人浏览 · 2021-07-20 09:50:38

i学长的猫 · 2021-07-20 09:50:38 发布

https://blog.csdn.net/u011089523/article/details/72887163

在读取dict的key和value时，如果key不存在，就会触发KeyError错误，如：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
print(t['d'])

就会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">KeyError: 'd'
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

第一种解决方法

首先测试key是否存在，然后才进行下一步操作，如：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
if 'd' in t:
print(t['d'])
else:
print('not exist')

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">not exist
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

第二种解决方法

利用dict内置的get(key[,default])方法，如果key存在，则返回其value,否则返回default;使用这个方法永远不会触发KeyError，如：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
print(t.get('d'))

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">None
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

加上default参数：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
print(t.get('d', 'not exist'))
print(t)

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">not exist
{'a': '1', 'c': '3', 'b': '2'}
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

第三种解决方法

利用dict内置的setdefault(key[,default])方法，如果key存在，则返回其value;否则插入此key，其value为default，并返回default;使用这个方法也永远不会触发KeyError，如：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
print(t.setdefault('d'))
print(t)

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">None
{'b': '2', 'd': None, 'a': '1', 'c': '3'}
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

加上default参数：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
print(t.setdefault('d', 'not exist'))
print(t)

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">not exist
{'c': '3', 'd': 'not exist', 'a': '1', 'b': '2'}
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

第四种解决方法

向类dict增加__missing__()方法，当key不存在时，会转向__missing__()方法处理，而不触发KeyError,如：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
class Counter(dict):
def __missing__(self, key):
return None
c = Counter(t)
print(c['d'])

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">None
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

更改return值：

Python

t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
class Counter(dict):
def __missing__(self, key):
return key
c = Counter(t)
print(c['d'])
print(c)

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">d
{'c': '3', 'a': '1', 'b': '2'}
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

第五种解决方法

利用collections.defaultdict([default_factory[,...]])对象，实际上这个是继承自dict，而且实际也是用到的__missing__()方法，其default_factory参数就是向__missing__()方法传递的，不过使用起来更加顺手：
如果default_factory为None，则与dict无区别，会触发KeyError错误，如：

Python

import collections
t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
t = collections.defaultdict(None, t)
print(t['d'])

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">KeyError: 'd'
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

但如果真的想返回None也不是没有办法：

Python

import collections
t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
def handle():
return None
t = collections.defaultdict(handle, t)
print(t['d'])

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">None
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

如果default_factory参数是某种数据类型，则会返回其默认值，如：

Python

import collections
t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
t = collections.defaultdict(int, t)
print(t['d'])

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">0
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

又如：

Python

import collections
t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
t = collections.defaultdict(list, t)
print(t['d'])

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">[]
<span class="line-numbers-rows" style="position:absolute; top:0px; font-size:13.6px; left:-3.8em; width:3em; letter-spacing:-1px; border-right:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"><span style="display:block; counter-increment:linenumber 1"></span></span></code>

注意：
如果dict内又含有dict，key嵌套获取value时，如果中间某个key不存在，则上述方法均失效，一定会触发KeyError：

Python

import collections
t = {
'a': '1',
'b': '2',
'c': '3',
}
t = collections.defaultdict(dict, t)
print(t['d']['y'])

会出现：

<code class="language-plain hljs" style="font-family:Consolas,Monaco,"Andale Mono","Ubuntu Mono",monospace; font-size:13.6px; padding:0px; background:transparent; margin:0px; word-spacing:normal; word-break:normal; word-wrap:normal; line-height:inherit; border:0px; display:inline; max-width:initial; overflow:initial; position:relative">KeyError: 'y'</code>

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