ElasticSearch中结构化查询（term、terms、range、exists、match、bool）

ElasticSearch中结构化查询（term、terms、range、exists、match、bool）

IT之一小佬

1612人浏览 · 2022-08-01 09:09:54

IT之一小佬 · 2022-08-01 09:09:54 发布

term查询

term 主要用于精确匹配哪些值，比如数字，日期，布尔值或 not_analyzed 的字符串(未经分析的文本数据类型)：

{ "term": { "age": 26 }} 
{ "term": { "date": "2014-09-01" }} 
{ "term": { "public": true }} 
{ "term": { "tag": "full_text" }}

当前数据库中的数据：

POST /study/_search

# 请求数据
{
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "age": 20
        }
    }
}

# 响应数据
{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SHjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 20,
                    "mail": "111@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

terms查询

terms 跟 term 相似，但 terms 允许指定多个匹配条件。如果某个字段指定了多个值，那么文档需要一起去做匹配：

{
	"terms": {
		"tag": ["search", "full_text", "nosql"]
	}
}

POST /study/_search

# 请求数据
{
    "query": {
        "terms": {
            "age": [20, 21, 22]
        }
    }
}

# 响应数据
{
    "took": 3,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SXjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 21,
                    "mail": "222@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球、篮球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SHjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 20,
                    "mail": "111@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SnjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 22,
                    "mail": "333@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、篮球、游泳、听音乐"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

range查询

range 过滤允许按照指定范围查找一批数据

范围操作符包含：

gt :大于
gte : 大于等于
lt : 小于
lte : 小于等于

POST /study/_search

# 请求数据
{
    "query": {
        "range": {
            "age": {
                "gte": 20,
                "lte": 22
            }
        }
    }
}

# 响应数据
{
    "took": 4,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SXjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 21,
                    "mail": "222@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球、篮球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SHjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 20,
                    "mail": "111@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SnjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 22,
                    "mail": "333@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、篮球、游泳、听音乐"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

exists查询

exists 查询可以用于查找文档中是否包含指定字段或没有某个字段，类似于SQL语句中的 IS_NULL 条件

注意：这个查询只是针对已经查出一批数据来，但是想区分出某个字段是否存在的时候使用。

POST /study/_search

# 请求数据
{
    "query": {
        "exists": {
            "field": "age"
        }
    }
}

# 响应数据
{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SXjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 21,
                    "mail": "222@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球、篮球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "S3jOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "赵六",
                    "age": 23,
                    "mail": "444@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "跑步、游泳"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SHjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 20,
                    "mail": "111@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SnjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 22,
                    "mail": "333@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、篮球、游泳、听音乐"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "THjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "孙七",
                    "age": 24,
                    "mail": "555@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "听音乐、看电影"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

match 查询

match 查询是一个标准查询，不管需要全文本查询还是精确查询基本上都要用到它。
如果使用 match 查询一个全文本字段，它会在真正查询之前用分析器先分析 match 一下查询字符。

如果用 match 指定了一个确切值，在遇到数字，日期，布尔值或者 not_analyzed 的字符串时，它将为搜索给定的值。

{ "match": { "age": 26 }} 
{ "match": { "date": "2014-09-01" }} 
{ "match": { "public": true }} 
{ "match": { "tag": "full_text" }}

POST  /study/_search
# 请求数据
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "age": "20"
        }
    }
}

# 响应数据
{
    "took": 18,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SHjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 20,
                    "mail": "111@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

数据库中数据：

bool查询

bool 查询可以用来合并多个条件查询结果的布尔逻辑，它包含以下操作符：

must : 多个查询条件的完全匹配,相当于 and 。
must_not :多个查询条件的相反匹配，相当于 not 。
should : 至少有一个查询条件匹配, 相当于 or 。

这些参数可以分别继承一个查询条件或者一个查询条件的数组：

{
	"bool": {
		"must": {
			"term": {
				"age": "20"
			}
		},
		"must_not": {
			"term": {
				"sex": "男"
			}
		},
		"should": [{
			"term": {
				"age": 25
			}
		}, {
			"term": {
				"age": 26
			}
		}]
	}
}

POST  /study/_search
# 请求数据
{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "must": {
                "match": {
                    "hobby": "足球"
                }
            },
            "must_not": {
                "match": {
                    "hobby": "音乐"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

# 响应数据
{
    "took": 20,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.7194062,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SHjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.7194062,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 20,
                    "mail": "111@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SXjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.6817665,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 21,
                    "mail": "222@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球、篮球"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

POST  /study/_search

# 请求数据
{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "should": [
                {
                    "match": {
                        "hobby": "足球"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match": {
                        "age": 23
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

# 响应数据
{
    "took": 3,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 2,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 4,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.7194062,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SHjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.7194062,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "张三",
                    "age": 20,
                    "mail": "111@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SXjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.6817665,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "李四",
                    "age": 21,
                    "mail": "222@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、乒乓球、足球、篮球"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "S3jOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "赵六",
                    "age": 23,
                    "mail": "444@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "跑步、游泳"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "study",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "SnjOVIIBpyNh4YQ4CVSN",
                "_score": 0.6038003,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "王五",
                    "age": 22,
                    "mail": "333@qq.com",
                    "hobby": "羽毛球、篮球、游泳、听音乐"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

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