常用的 ElasticSearch 操作命令（curl 命令）
Linux 系统下操作 ElasticSearch 集群，有很多操作命令，现在将常用的命令分类总结如下。ElasticSearch 集群可以包含多个索引（indices)，每一个索引可以包含多个类型（types），每一个类型包含多个文档（documents），每个文档包含多个字段（Fields）。在 ElasticSearch 6.x 版本中已经只允许一个索引下只有一个 type，声明多个 typ
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Linux 系统下操作 ElasticSearch 集群，有很多操作命令，现在将常用的命令分类总结如下。
ElasticSearch 集群可以包含多个索引（indices)，每一个索引可以包含多个类型（types），每一个类型包含多个文档（documents），每个文档包含多个字段（Fields）。
在 ElasticSearch 6.x 版本中已经只允许一个索引下只有一个 type，声明多个 type 已经标记为过期，但是仍可以使用。7.0 之后的版本已完全移除 type 的概念。
如果将 ElasticSearch 和 MySQL 数据库类比的话，ES 的索引 index 相当于 MySQL 的数据库 database，type 相当于 table，document 相当于表的记录，field 相当于 column。
一、集群操作命令
- 查看集群状态
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -u elastic http://localhost:9200/_cat/health?v
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
epoch timestamp cluster status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1614674552 08:42:32 my-application green 3 3 4 2 0 0 0 0 - 100.0%
green 表明集群是健康状态。
- 修改集群访问密码
在集群的一个节点修改后，会自动同步到其他节点。将 elastic 用户的密码更新为 “new_password” 的命令如下。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" --user elastic -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/_xpack/security/user/elastic/_password?pretty' -d '{"password":"new_password"}'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{ }
- 查看集群中的节点状态
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 eslogs]$ curl -u elastic http://localhost:9200
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"name" : "node-2",
"cluster_name" : "my-application",
"cluster_uuid" : "l-kTWdoxRCuTIm6x8ekG7w",
"version" : {
"number" : "7.1.1",
"build_flavor" : "default",
"build_type" : "tar",
"build_hash" : "7a013de",
"build_date" : "2019-05-23T14:04:00.380842Z",
"build_snapshot" : false,
"lucene_version" : "8.0.0",
"minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
"minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
},
"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
说明节点 2 是存活的。
二、索引操作命令
- 查看索引列表
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -u elastic http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green open .security-7 7py8w_piQMqXbzlQuJgCSg 1 1 6 0 39.7kb 19.8kb
green open testmapping G4oOQ4HdRMW01useLwDW7w 1 1 0 0 566b 283b
说明共有 .security-7 和 testmapping 两个索引。
- 删除索引
将索引 testmapping 删除的命令如下。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -u elastic -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/testmapping
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{"acknowledged":true}
- 创建索引
ElasticSearch 索引名字须为小写。创建名为 testIndex 的索引会报错，如下所示。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -u elastic -XPUT http://localhost:9200/testIndex
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{"error":{"root_cause":[{"type":"invalid_index_name_exception","reason":"Invalid index name [testIndex], must be lowercase","index_uuid":"_na_","index":"testIndex"}],"type":"invalid_index_name_exception","reason":"Invalid index name [testIndex], must be lowercase","index_uuid":"_na_","index":"testIndex"},"status":400}
修改索引名为小写，创建索引语句如下，提示创建成功。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -u elastic -XPUT http://localhost:9200/testindex
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{"acknowledged":true,"shards_acknowledged":true,"index":"testindex"}
- 查看索引结构
创建完索引后，查询索引 testindex 包含哪些 field 的命令如下所示。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -XGET -u elastic http://localhost:9200/testindex/_mapping?pretty
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"testindex" : {
"mappings" : { }
}
}
说明索引 testindex 目前没有任何 filed。
若查询一个不存在的索引（假定索引名为 testindex）结构，则会报错，如下所示。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -XGET -u elastic http://localhost:9200/testindex/_mapping?pretty
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"error" : {
"root_cause" : [
{
"type" : "index_not_found_exception",
"reason" : "no such index [testindex]",
"index_uuid" : "_na_",
"resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
"resource.id" : "testindex",
"index" : "testindex"
}
],
"type" : "index_not_found_exception",
"reason" : "no such index [testindex]",
"index_uuid" : "_na_",
"resource.type" : "index_or_alias",
"resource.id" : "testindex",
"index" : "testindex"
},
"status" : 404
}
- 给索引设置 field
给索引 testindex 设置 2 个 filed，名字分别为 mchnt_id 和 mchnt_name，语句如下所示。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -u elastic -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/testindex/_mapping?pretty' -d '{"properties":{"mchnt_id" : {"type" : "keyword","index" : false},"mchnt_name" : {"type" : "text"}}}'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"acknowledged" : true
}
- 给索引新增字段
给索引 testindex 新增一个 field，名字为 amount，语句如下所示。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -u elastic -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/testindex/_mapping?pretty' -d '{"properties": {"amount":{"type":"integer"}}}'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"acknowledged" : true
}
三、文档操作命令
- 添加文档
给索引 testindex 添加一条文档，文档 ID 为 1，语句如下。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -u elastic -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/testindex/_doc/1?pretty' -d '{"mchnt_id": "1","mchnt_name": "鹿角巷"}'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
- 删除文档
将 testindex 索引下，文档 ID 为 3 的文档删除，命令如下。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-9 ~]$ curl -u elastic -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XDELETE 'http://localhost:9200/testindex/_doc/3?pretty'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_version" : 2,
"result" : "deleted",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 2,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 3,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
- 统计索引 testindex 下的文档数
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -s --user elastic -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_cat/indices/testindex?v' | awk -F ' ' {'print $7'} | grep -v docs.count
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
0
- 查看索引 testindex 下的全部数据
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -u elastic -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/testindex/_search?pretty=true'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"took" : 533,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"mchnt_id" : "1",
"mchnt_name" : "鹿角巷"
}
},
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"mchnt_id" : "2",
"mchnt_name" : "鹿角巷东方路"
}
},
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"mchnt_id" : "3",
"mchnt_name" : "鹿角巷民雷路"
}
}
]
}
}
- 搜索 testindex 索引下的全部数据
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl --user elastic -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/testindex/_search?pretty' -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"query":{"match_all":{}}}'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"took" : 54,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}
上述结果为 0 条数据。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl --user elastic -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/testindex/_search?pretty' -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '{"query":{"match_all":{}}}'
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"took" : 4,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"mchnt_id" : "1",
"mchnt_name" : "鹿角巷"
}
},
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"mchnt_id" : "2",
"mchnt_name" : "鹿角巷东方路"
}
},
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"mchnt_id" : "3",
"mchnt_name" : "鹿角巷民雷路"
}
}
]
}
}
插入几条数据后，再次搜索全部数据，发现有 3 条。
- 根据文档 ID 精准获取索引数据
精准查询 testindex 索引下的文档 ID 为 20200634 的数据，命令如下。
[estestuser@vm-10-20-42-19 ~]$ curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" -u elastic -XGET http://localhost:9200/testindex/_doc/20200634?pretty
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
"_index" : "testindex",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "20200634",
"_version" : 3,
"_seq_no" : 44704,
"_primary_term" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"mchnt_id" : "20200634",
"mchnt_name" : "85度C成都凯德店"
}
}
备注：
若 ElasticSearch 集群添加了用户安全认证功能，curl 命令中的 “-u elastic” 代表以 elastic 用户访问 ElasticSearch 集群，也可以修改为 “- -user elastic”，命令回车后需要输入密码。
若集群未添加用户安全认证，“-u elastic” 或 “- -user elastic” 可以缺省，回车后也无需输入密码。
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