一、在 Nodejs 中使用 Mongodb

在前面的博文我们给大家讲了如何使用命令操作 Mongodb，这篇博文开始我们给大家讲解一 下如何使用 Nodejs 来操作 Mongodb 数据库

Nodejs 操作 mongodb 数据库官方文档：https://www.mongodb.org.cn/drivers/5.html

npm install mongodb --save 
或者
cnpm install mongodb --save 
或者
yarn add mongodb

二、Nodejs 连接 MongoDb 数据库

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; // const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/'; 有密码连接方式 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { 
	if(err){
		console.log(err); 
		return; 
	}
	console.log("连接成功"); 
	//获取 db 对象 
	const db = client.db(dbName); });

注意：如果数据库开启了权限验证的话需要使用下面方式连接数据库
其中：admin 表示用户名，123456 表示密码

const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/';

三、Nodejs 查找 MongoDb 数据库的数据

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient; 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { 
	if(err){
		console.log(err); 
		return; 
	}
	const db = client.db(dbName); //获取 db 对象 
	db.collection("user").find({}).toArray(function(err,data){ //查找 
		if(err){
			console.log(err); 
			return; 
		}
		console.log(data); 
		client.close(); 
	}) 
});

四、Nodejs 给 MongoDb 增加数据

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient; 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { 
	if(err){
		console.log(err); 
		return; 
		}
		//获取 db 对象 
		const db = client.db(dbName); 
		//新增数据 
		db.collection("user").insertOne({"username":"nodejs","age":10},(err,result)=>{ 
			if(err){
				console.log(err); 
				return; 
			}
			console.log(result); 
			client.close(); 
		}) 
	});

五、Nodejs 修改 MongoDb 数据

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient; 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; // const url = 'mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017/'; 有密码连接方式 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true }); 
client.connect(function(err) { 
	if(err){
		console.log(err); 
		return; 
		}
	const db = client.db(dbName); //获取 db 对象 
	db.collection("user").updateOne({"name":"zhangsan"},{$set:{"age":50}},(err,result)=>{ 
		if(err){
			console.log(err); 
			return; 
		}
		console.log(result); 
		client.close(); 
		})
	});

六、Nodejs 删除 MongoDb 数据

const {MongoClient,ObjectID} = require('mongodb'); 
const url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017'; 
const dbName = 'itying'; 
const client = new MongoClient(url,{ useUnifiedTopology: true });
client.connect(function(err) { 
	if(err){
		console.log(err); 
		return; 
	}
	//获取 db 对象 
	const db = client.db(dbName); 
	//删除数据 
	db.collection("user").deleteOne({ "username" : "nodejs" }, function(err, result) { 
		if(err){ 
			console.log(err); 
			return; 
		}
		console.log(result); 
		client.close(); 
	}); 
});

七、完整代码

/* 1.引入mongodb */
// const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

/* 2.定义数据库连接的地址 */
const url = 'mongodb://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:27017';

/* 3.定义要操作的数据库 */
const dbName = 'itying';

/* 4.实例化MongoClient 传入数据库连接地址 */
const client = new MongoClient(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true });

/* 5.连接数据库 */
client.connect((err) => {
    if (err) {
        console.log('数据库连接失败！');
        return;
    }

    console.log('数据库连接成功');
    let db = client.db(dbName);


   /*  // 查找数据
    db.collection("user").find({ "age": 20 }).toArray((err, data) => {
         if (err) {
            console.log(err);
            return;
        }
        console.log(data);
        client.close();
    }) */

    /* // 增加数据
    db.collection("user").insertOne({ "name": "nodejs", "age": 10 }, (err, result) => {
        if (err) {
            console.log(err);
            return;
        }

        console.log("增加成功");
        console.log(result);
        // 6.操作数据库完毕以后一定要关闭数据库连接
        client.close();
    }) */

    // 修改数据
   /*  db.collection("user").updateOne({"name": "xiaoli"}, {$set:{"age": 100}}, (err, data)=> {
        if (err) {
            console.log(err);
            return;
        }
        console.log("修改成功");
        console.log(data);
        client.close();
    })
 */

    /* // 删除一条数据
    db.collection("user").deleteOne({"name": "nodejs"}, (err)=>{
        if (err) {
            console.log(err);
            return;
        }
        console.log("删除一条数据成功");
        client.close();
    }) */

    // 删除多条数据
    db.collection("user").deleteMany({"name": "nodejs"}, (err)=>{
        if (err) {
            console.log(err);
            return;
        }
        console.log("删除多条数据成功");
        client.close();
    })


})

八、实战案例：

浏览器发送get请求 ，访问 /register，渲染出注册页面

浏览器发送post请求，访问 /doRegister, 后端获取前端提交的表单数据，然后将数据存入mongodb数据库中

浏览器发送get请求， 访问 / ，从mongodb数据库查询数据并渲染到前端页面上

app.js:

const http = require('http');
const querystring = require('querystring')
const app = require('./module/routes');
const ejs = require('ejs');
const { MongoClient } = require("mongodb");
const url = 'mongodb://admin:admin@127.0.0.1:27017';
const dbName = 'itying';

/* 4.实例化MongoClient 传入数据库连接地址 */
// const client = new MongoClient(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true });


// 注册web服务
http.createServer(app).listen(8081);
// app.static("public"); // 修改默认静态web目录
// 配置路由
app.get('/', function (req, res) {

    MongoClient.connect(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true }, (err, client) => {

        /* 5.连接数据库 */
        client.connect((err) => {
            if (err) {
                console.log('数据库连接失败！');
                return;
            }

            console.log('数据库连接成功');
            let db = client.db(dbName);

            // 查找数据
            db.collection("user").find({}).toArray((err, result) => {
                if (err) {
                    console.log(err);
                    return;
                }
                console.log(result);
                client.close();
                ejs.renderFile("./views/index.ejs", {
                    list: result
                }, (err, data) => {
                    res.send(data);
                })
            })
        })

    })


})


app.get('/register', function (req, res) {
    ejs.renderFile("./views/register.ejs",{}, (err, data)=> {
        res.send(data);
    })
})


app.post('/doRegister', function (req, res) {
    let body = querystring.parse(req.body)
    console.log(body)
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useUnifiedTopology: true }, (err, client) => {
        if (err) {
            console.log('数据库连接失败！');
            return;
        }

        console.log('数据库连接成功');
        let db = client.db(dbName);
        db.collection("user").insertOne(body, (err, result)=> {
            if (err) {
                console.log(err);
                return;
            }
            console.log('添加数据成功');
            res.send('添加数据成功');
        })
    })
})

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8081/');

routes.js:

const url = require('url')
const path = require('path')
const fs = require('fs')


// 扩展res
function changeRes(res) {
    res.send = (data) => {
        res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' });
        res.end(data);
    }
}

// 根据后缀名获取文件类型
let getFileMime = function (extname) {
    // 把异步读取文件方法改为同步读取文件方法
    let data = fs.readFileSync('./data/mime.json');
    let mimeObj = JSON.parse(data.toString())
    console.log(mimeObj[extname])
    return mimeObj[extname]
}

// 静态web服务的方法
function initStatic (req, res, staticPath){
    // 1. 获取地址
    console.log(req.url)
    let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname

    // 默认加载index.html
    if (pathname == '/') {
        pathname = '/index.html'
    } else {
        pathname = pathname
    }

    // 获取路径中的后缀名
    let extname = path.extname(pathname)

    // 2.通过fs模块读取文件
    try {
        // 把异步读取文件方法改为同步读取文件方法
        let data = fs.readFileSync('./' + staticPath + pathname);
        if (data) {
            let mine = getFileMime(extname)
            res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': '' + mine + ';charset="utf-8"' });
            res.end(data);
        }
    } catch (error) {}
}


let server = () => {
    let G = {
        _get: {}, // 把get 和 post分开保存
        _post: {},
        staticPath: "static"  // 静态资源web目录
    }
    let app = function (req, res) {
        // 扩展res的方法
        changeRes(res)

        // 配置静态web服务器
        initStatic(req, res, G.staticPath)


        // 路由
        let pathname = url.parse(req.url).pathname;
        // http://127.0.0.1:3000/login  pathname = /login
        // 获取请求类型
        let method = req.method.toLowerCase()
        if (G['_' + method][pathname]) {
            if (method == "get") {
                G['_' + method][pathname](req, res); // 表示执行方法
            } else {
                // post  获取post的数据  把它绑定到req.body上
                let postData = '';
                req.on('data', (chunk) => {
                    postData += chunk;
                })
                req.on('end', () => {
                    console.log(postData)
                    req.body = postData
                    G._post[pathname](req, res); // 表示执行方法
                })
            }
        } else {
            res.writeHead(404, { 'Content-Type': 'text/html;charset="utf-8"' });
            res.end('页面不存在');
        }
    }
    app.get = function (string, callback) {
        // 注册方法
        G._get[string] = callback
        /* 
        G['/login'] = function(req, res) {
                res.send('hello world')
            }
        */
        // console.log('get方法')
    }
    app.post = function (string, callback) {
        // 注册方法
        G._post[string] = callback
    }

    // 配置静态web服务目录
    app.static = function (staticPath){
        G.staticPath = staticPath
    }


    return app;

}
module.exports = server()

mime.json:

{ ".323":"text/h323" ,
  ".3gp":"video/3gpp" ,
  ".aab":"application/x-authoware-bin" ,
  ".aam":"application/x-authoware-map" ,
  ".aas":"application/x-authoware-seg" ,
  ".acx":"application/internet-property-stream" ,
  ".ai":"application/postscript" ,
  ".aif":"audio/x-aiff" ,
  ".aifc":"audio/x-aiff" ,
  ".aiff":"audio/x-aiff" ,
  ".als":"audio/X-Alpha5" ,
  ".amc":"application/x-mpeg" ,
  ".ani":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".apk":"application/vnd.android.package-archive" ,
  ".asc":"text/plain" ,
  ".asd":"application/astound" ,
  ".asf":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
  ".asn":"application/astound" ,
  ".asp":"application/x-asap" ,
  ".asr":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
  ".asx":"video/x-ms-asf" ,
  ".au":"audio/basic" ,
  ".avb":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".avi":"video/x-msvideo" ,
  ".awb":"audio/amr-wb" ,
  ".axs":"application/olescript" ,
  ".bas":"text/plain" ,
  ".bcpio":"application/x-bcpio" ,
  ".bin ":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".bld":"application/bld" ,
  ".bld2":"application/bld2" ,
  ".bmp":"image/bmp" ,
  ".bpk":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".bz2":"application/x-bzip2" ,
  ".c":"text/plain" ,
  ".cal":"image/x-cals" ,
  ".cat":"application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat" ,
  ".ccn":"application/x-cnc" ,
  ".cco":"application/x-cocoa" ,
  ".cdf":"application/x-cdf" ,
  ".cer":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
  ".cgi":"magnus-internal/cgi" ,
  ".chat":"application/x-chat" ,
  ".class":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".clp":"application/x-msclip" ,
  ".cmx":"image/x-cmx" ,
  ".co":"application/x-cult3d-object" ,
  ".cod":"image/cis-cod" ,
  ".conf":"text/plain" ,
  ".cpio":"application/x-cpio" ,
  ".cpp":"text/plain" ,
  ".cpt":"application/mac-compactpro" ,
  ".crd":"application/x-mscardfile" ,
  ".crl":"application/pkix-crl" ,
  ".crt":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
  ".csh":"application/x-csh" ,
  ".csm":"chemical/x-csml" ,
  ".csml":"chemical/x-csml" ,
  ".css":"text/css" ,
  ".cur":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".dcm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,
  ".dcr":"application/x-director" ,
  ".dcx":"image/x-dcx" ,
  ".der":"application/x-x509-ca-cert" ,
  ".dhtml":"text/html" ,
  ".dir":"application/x-director" ,
  ".dll":"application/x-msdownload" ,
  ".dmg":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".dms":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".doc":"application/msword" ,
  ".docx":"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" ,
  ".dot":"application/msword" ,
  ".dvi":"application/x-dvi" ,
  ".dwf":"drawing/x-dwf" ,
  ".dwg":"application/x-autocad" ,
  ".dxf":"application/x-autocad" ,
  ".dxr":"application/x-director" ,
  ".ebk":"application/x-expandedbook" ,
  ".emb":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,
  ".embl":"chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" ,
  ".eps":"application/postscript" ,
  ".epub":"application/epub+zip" ,
  ".eri":"image/x-eri" ,
  ".es":"audio/echospeech" ,
  ".esl":"audio/echospeech" ,
  ".etc":"application/x-earthtime" ,
  ".etx":"text/x-setext" ,
  ".evm":"x-lml/x-evm" ,
  ".evy":"application/envoy" ,
  ".exe":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".fh4":"image/x-freehand" ,
  ".fh5":"image/x-freehand" ,
  ".fhc":"image/x-freehand" ,
  ".fif":"application/fractals" ,
  ".flr":"x-world/x-vrml" ,
  ".flv":"flv-application/octet-stream" ,
  ".fm":"application/x-maker" ,
  ".fpx":"image/x-fpx" ,
  ".fvi":"video/isivideo" ,
  ".gau":"chemical/x-gaussian-input" ,
  ".gca":"application/x-gca-compressed" ,
  ".gdb":"x-lml/x-gdb" ,
  ".gif":"image/gif" ,
  ".gps":"application/x-gps" ,
  ".gtar":"application/x-gtar" ,
  ".gz":"application/x-gzip" ,
  ".h":"text/plain" ,
  ".hdf":"application/x-hdf" ,
  ".hdm":"text/x-hdml" ,
  ".hdml":"text/x-hdml" ,
  ".hlp":"application/winhlp" ,
  ".hqx":"application/mac-binhex40" ,
  ".hta":"application/hta" ,
  ".htc":"text/x-component" ,
  ".htm":"text/html" ,
  ".html":"text/html" ,
  ".hts":"text/html" ,
  ".htt":"text/webviewhtml" ,
  ".ice":"x-conference/x-cooltalk" ,
  ".ico":"image/x-icon" ,
  ".ief":"image/ief" ,
  ".ifm":"image/gif" ,
  ".ifs":"image/ifs" ,
  ".iii":"application/x-iphone" ,
  ".imy":"audio/melody" ,
  ".ins":"application/x-internet-signup" ,
  ".ips":"application/x-ipscript" ,
  ".ipx":"application/x-ipix" ,
  ".isp":"application/x-internet-signup" ,
  ".it":"audio/x-mod" ,
  ".itz":"audio/x-mod" ,
  ".ivr":"i-world/i-vrml" ,
  ".j2k":"image/j2k" ,
  ".jad":"text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor" ,
  ".jam":"application/x-jam" ,
  ".jar":"application/java-archive" ,
  ".java":"text/plain" ,
  ".jfif":"image/pipeg" ,
  ".jnlp":"application/x-java-jnlp-file" ,
  ".jpe":"image/jpeg" ,
  ".jpeg":"image/jpeg" ,
  ".jpg":"image/jpeg" ,
  ".jpz":"image/jpeg" ,
  ".js":"application/x-javascript" ,
  ".jwc":"application/jwc" ,
  ".kjx":"application/x-kjx" ,
  ".lak":"x-lml/x-lak" ,
  ".latex":"application/x-latex" ,
  ".lcc":"application/fastman" ,
  ".lcl":"application/x-digitalloca" ,
  ".lcr":"application/x-digitalloca" ,
  ".lgh":"application/lgh" ,
  ".lha":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".lml":"x-lml/x-lml" ,
  ".lmlpack":"x-lml/x-lmlpack" ,
  ".log":"text/plain" ,
  ".lsf":"video/x-la-asf" ,
  ".lsx":"video/x-la-asf" ,
  ".lzh":"application/octet-stream" ,
  ".m13":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
  ".m14":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
  ".m15":"audio/x-mod" ,
  ".m3u":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,
  ".m3url":"audio/x-mpegurl" ,
  ".m4a":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
  ".m4b":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
  ".m4p":"audio/mp4a-latm" ,
  ".m4u":"video/vnd.mpegurl" ,
  ".m4v":"video/x-m4v" ,
  ".ma1":"audio/ma1" ,
  ".ma2":"audio/ma2" ,
  ".ma3":"audio/ma3" ,
  ".ma5":"audio/ma5" ,
  ".man":"application/x-troff-man" ,
  ".map":"magnus-internal/imagemap" ,
  ".mbd":"application/mbedlet" ,
  ".mct":"application/x-mascot" ,
  ".mdb":"application/x-msaccess" ,
  ".mdz":"audio/x-mod" ,
  ".me":"application/x-troff-me" ,
  ".mel":"text/x-vmel" ,
  ".mht":"message/rfc822" ,
  ".mhtml":"message/rfc822" ,
  ".mi":"application/x-mif" ,
  ".mid":"audio/mid" ,
  ".midi":"audio/midi" ,
  ".mif":"application/x-mif" ,
  ".mil":"image/x-cals" ,
  ".mio":"audio/x-mio" ,
  ".mmf":"application/x-skt-lbs" ,
  ".mng":"video/x-mng" ,
  ".mny":"application/x-msmoney" ,
  ".moc":"application/x-mocha" ,
  ".mocha":"application/x-mocha" ,
  ".mod":"audio/x-mod" ,
  ".mof":"application/x-yumekara" ,
  ".mol":"chemical/x-mdl-molfile" ,
  ".mop":"chemical/x-mopac-input" ,
  ".mov":"video/quicktime" ,
  ".movie":"video/x-sgi-movie" ,
  ".mp2":"video/mpeg" ,
  ".mp3":"audio/mpeg" ,
  ".mp4":"video/mp4" ,
  ".mpa":"video/mpeg" ,
  ".mpc":"application/vnd.mpohun.certificate" ,
  ".mpe":"video/mpeg" ,
  ".mpeg":"video/mpeg" ,
  ".mpg":"video/mpeg" ,
  ".mpg4":"video/mp4" ,
  ".mpga":"audio/mpeg" ,
  ".mpn":"application/vnd.mophun.application" ,
  ".mpp":"application/vnd.ms-project" ,
  ".mps":"application/x-mapserver" ,
  ".mpv2":"video/mpeg" ,
  ".mrl":"text/x-mrml" ,
  ".mrm":"application/x-mrm" ,
  ".ms":"application/x-troff-ms" ,
  ".msg":"application/vnd.ms-outlook" ,
  ".mts":"application/metastream" ,
  ".mtx":"application/metastream" ,
  ".mtz":"application/metastream" ,
  ".mvb":"application/x-msmediaview" ,
  ".mzv":"application/metastream" ,
  ".nar":"application/zip" ,
  ".nbmp":"image/nbmp" ,
  ".nc":"application/x-netcdf" ,
  ".ndb":"x-lml/x-ndb" ,
  ".ndwn":"application/ndwn" ,
  ".nif":"application/x-nif" ,
  ".nmz":"application/x-scream" ,
  ".nokia-op-logo":"image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color" ,
  ".npx":"application/x-netfpx" ,
  ".nsnd":"audio/nsnd" ,
  ".nva":"application/x-neva1" ,
  ".nws":"message/rfc822" ,
  ".oda":"application/oda" ,
  ".ogg":"audio/ogg" ,
  ".oom":"application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin" ,
  ".p10":"application/pkcs10" ,
  ".p12":"application/x-pkcs12" ,
  ".p7b":"application/x-pkcs7-certificates" ,
  ".p7c":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,
  ".p7m":"application/x-pkcs7-mime" ,
  ".p7r":"application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp" ,
  ".p7s":"application/x-pkcs7-signature" ,
  ".pac":"audio/x-pac" ,
  ".pae":"audio/x-epac" ,
  ".pan":"application/x-pan" ,
  ".pbm":"image/x-portable-bitmap" ,
  ".pcx":"image/x-pcx" ,
  ".pda":"image/x-pda" ,
  ".pdb":"chemical/x-pdb" ,
  ".pdf":"application/pdf" ,
  ".pfr":"application/font-tdpfr" ,
  ".pfx":"application/x-pkcs12" ,
  ".pgm":"image/x-portable-graymap" ,
  ".pict":"image/x-pict" ,
  ".pko":"application/ynd.ms-pkipko" ,
  ".pm":"application/x-perl" ,
  ".pma":"application/x-perfmon" ,
  ".pmc":"application/x-perfmon" ,
  ".pmd":"application/x-pmd" ,
  ".pml":"application/x-perfmon" ,
  ".pmr":"application/x-perfmon" ,
  ".pmw":"application/x-perfmon" ,
  ".png":"image/png" ,
  ".pnm":"image/x-portable-anymap" ,
  ".pnz":"image/png" ,
  ".pot,":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
  ".ppm":"image/x-portable-pixmap" ,
  ".pps":"application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" ,
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}