单条 object 数据更新：覆盖更新、部分更新 

# 删除索引
DELETE student-001
# 创建索引
PUT student-001
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": {
        "type": "long"
      },
      "name": {
        "type": "text",
        "fields": {
          "key": {
            "type": "keyword"
          }
        }
      },
      "year": {
        "type": "integer",
        "fields": {
          "key": {
            "type": "keyword"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

批量添加数据

PUT _bulk
{"index":{"_index":"student-001","_id":1}}
{"id": 1,"name": "student-1","year": 1}
{"index":{"_index":"student-001","_id":2}}
{"id": 2,"name": "student-2","year": 2}
{"index":{"_index":"student-001","_id":3}}
{"id": 3,"name": "student-3","year": 3}
{"index":{"_index":"student-001","_id":4}}
{"id": 4,"name": "student-4","year": 1}
{"index":{"_index":"student-001","_id":5}}
{"id": 5,"name": "student-5","year": 3}

1 覆盖式更新

会把旧数据替换掉

PUT student-001/_doc/1?refresh=true
{
  "id": 1,
  "name": "student-1",
  "year": 1
}

2 部分更新

部分更新，有两种方式

把 id 为1的数据的 name 字段更新

POST student-001/_update/1?refresh=true
{
  "doc": {
    "name": "student-123"
  }
}

此时，如果数据不存在，会报错。如果我们想要这样的效果：如果数据不存在，则作为新数据添加；如果数据已经存在，则更新旧数据。那么我们可以添加参数 doc_as_upsert

POST student-001/_update/1?refresh=true
{
  "doc": {
    "name": "student-23"
  },
  "doc_as_upsert": true
}

可以使用脚本的方式来更新数据

POST student-001/_update/1?refresh=true
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.name='student-1'"
  }
}

ctx._source.字段=值