@KafkaListener(id = "eventConsumer", topics = "perception_event", groupId = "defaultConsumerGroup", containerFactory = "kafkaListenerContainerFactory")
    public void consume(List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> consumerRecordList) {
        .......
    }

1.kafka批量消费消息，使用containerFactory 监听消费失败消息 

/**
     * 消费失败消息最大重试15次，存入到死信队列中
     *
     * @param configurer kafkaConsumerFactory kafkaTemplate
     * @return factory
     */
    @Bean("kafkaListenerContainerFactory")
    public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<?, ?> kafkaListenerContainerFactory(
            ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer configurer, ConsumerFactory<Object, Object> kafkaConsumerFactory, KafkaTemplate<Object, Object> kafkaTemplate) {
        ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<Object, Object> factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();


        configurer.configure(factory, kafkaConsumerFactory);
        //最大重试15次
        RetryingBatchErrorHandler retryingBatchErrorHandler = new RetryingBatchErrorHandler(new FixedBackOff(500L, 15L),
                createConsumerRecordRecoverer());
        factory.setBatchErrorHandler(retryingBatchErrorHandler);
        return factory;
    }

    /**
     * 最终消费失败打印日志即可
     */
    private ConsumerRecordRecoverer createConsumerRecordRecoverer() {
        return (consumerRecord, exception) -> {
            log.error("consumer event last fail:{}, exception:{}", SensitiveUtils.phone(consumerRecord.toString()), exception.toString());
        };
    }

2.使用RetryingBatchErrorHandler 指定批量消费时失败消息的重试次数和时间，如果不是批量消费，则使用RetryingErrorHandler来指定重试次数和间隔时间