0 ubuntu电脑配置查看命令

0.1 查看GPU 型号

lspci |grep VGA

部分结果显示：

NVIDIA Corporation GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti] (rev a1)

0.2 查看CPU 型号

cat /proc/cpuinfo

部分结果显示：

Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6850K CPU @ 3.60GHz

1 nvidia驱动

官网链接：https://www.nvidia.cn/Download/index.aspx?lang=cn
或者https://www.nvidia.cn/geforce/drivers/

2 CUDA下载链接

官方CUDA：https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-toolkit-archive
CUDA10.2传送门
推荐run安装

3 可直接命令行安装

3.1 run安装

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/10.2/Prod/local_installers/cuda_10.2.89_440.33
.01_linux.run

3.2 deb安装：

wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/cuda-ubuntu1804.pin
sudo mv cuda-ubuntu1804.pin /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/10.2/Prod/local_installers/cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01_1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1804-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01_1.0-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01/7fa2af80.pub
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install cuda

4 配置

打开文件

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

在文件中加入

export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin/:$PATH"
export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}

export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda

刷新环境

source ~/.bashrc

5 ubuntu删除旧版本的CUDA

sudo apt-get --purge remove cuda-*
#重启
reboot

6 error code(1)

cd /var/lib/dpkg
sudo mv info info.baksudo
mkdir info

7 Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch

原因：NVIDIA 内核驱动版本与系统驱动不一致；采用方案：删除系统驱动，安装与内核驱动一致的系统驱动版本。
（1）查看NVIDIA 内核驱动版本和查看系统驱动：

# 1 查看NVIDIA 内核驱动版本
cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
# 2 查看系统驱动

## cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep nvidia

（2）卸载电脑驱动

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

（3）把显卡驱动加入ppa（个人软件包文档，仅支持Ubuntu）

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt-get update

（4）重装510版本驱动

sudo apt-get install nvidia-510 nvidia-settings nvidia-prime

（5）查看解决方案是否生效

nvidia-smi

（6）为防止再次出现这样的问题，禁用当前版本的本地更新

sudo apt-mark hold nvidia-510

8 更新系统遇到的问题

（1）W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu bionic InRelease: The following signatures were invalid: EXPKEYSIG F42ED6FBAB17C654 Open Robotics <info@osrfoundation.org>

cd /var/lib/apt 
sudo mv lists oldlist 
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial 
sudo apt-get clean 
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys  F42ED6FBAB17C654

（2）W: Target Sources (main/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7

cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
rm  source.list

（3）W: GPG error: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/nvidia-cuda/ubuntu1804/x86_64 InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY A4B469963BF863CC

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys  A4B469963BF863CC

（4）W: Target Sources (main/source/Sources) is configured multiple times in /etc/apt/sources.list:2 and /etc/apt/sources.list:7

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（5） Errors were encountered while processing: rsyslog

cd /var/lib/dpkg
sudo mv info info.bak
sudo mkdir info
sudo apt-get update

9 An NVIDIA kernel module ‘nvidia-drm’ appears to already be loaded in your kernel.

# 1. 获得超级用户权限
sudo -i
# 2. 关闭所有使用 GPU 的进程
sudo systemctl isolate multi-user.target
sudo modprobe -r nvidia-drm
# 3. 重装 NVIDIA 驱动
sh ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-XX.sh 
# 4. 打开使用GPU的进程
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target  
# 5. 重新启动
sudo reboot