Linux安装MySql8.0详细教程

Linux中安装MySQL8.0教程本文主要介绍在CentOS7中，进行MySql数据库的下载、安装、删除教程.

众生云海，一念初见

2595人浏览 · 2022-08-17 15:30:51

众生云海，一念初见 · 2022-08-17 15:30:51 发布

Linux 安装MySql8.0

1、检查是否已安装MySql

检查Linux系统中是否已经安装了mysql，如果有，则使用rpm -e命令先卸载删除。

rpm -qa | grep mysql

如果没有任何输出，则表示未安装，如果有则输入以下命令进行删除：

rpm  -e  需要卸载的rpm包

如果删除时提示有依赖，则输入强制删除命令：

rpm  -e  需要卸载的rpm包  --nodeps

2、检查Linux版本

查看当前Linux的版本信息：

cat /etc/redhat-release

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我的版本为： CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

3、下载并安装MySql

3.1查看MySql Yum存储库

MySQL Yum存储库： https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

在这里插入图片描述

3.2下载mysql的rpm文件

3.2.1使用mkdir命令创建mysql文件夹

在 /opt/software目录下创建一个名称为mysql的文件夹。如果你/opt目录下还没有software文件目录，则先创建software目录：

mkdir software
cd software
mkdir mysql

博主这里之前创建过software目录，所以直接打开该目录输入mkdir mysql 就可以创建mysql的文件夹了

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3.2.2使用wget命令将mysql的rpm文件下载到刚创建的mysql文件夹中：

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

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查看mysql文件夹中的mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm文件

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3.3开始安装mysql源

3.3.1使用sudo rpm -Uvh命令安装mysql源:

sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

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3.3.2执行成功后会在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下生成两个repo文件

① mysql-community.repo
② mysql-community-source.repo

3.4检查MySql是否安装成功

3.4.1打开/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下检查MySql是否安装成功:

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

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3.5查看系统中mysql相关资源

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

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3.6安装MySql服务端

3.6.1输入 sudo yum install命令即可进行MySql服务端安装：

sudo yum install mysql-community-server

注意： 该命令会安装MySQL服务器 (mysql-community-server) 及其所需的依赖、相关组件，包括mysql-community-client、mysql-community-common、mysql-community-libs等。安装过程中需要进行几次用户确认，我们输入字母y即可，时间会比较长，需要耐心等待…

3.6.2以下是博主安装过程中的相关信息，贴上以供参考：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * centos-sclo-rh: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * centos-sclo-sclo: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
centos-sclo-rh                                                                               | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
centos-sclo-sclo                                                                             | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.29-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-icu-data-files = 8.0.29-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client-plugins = 8.0.29-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================
 Package                                  Arch             Version                Repository                   Size
====================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-libs                     x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           1.5 M
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
 mysql-community-libs-compat              x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           667 k
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
 mysql-community-server                   x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community            53 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client                   x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community            14 M
 mysql-community-client-plugins           x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           2.5 M
 mysql-community-common                   x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           633 k
 mysql-community-icu-data-files           x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           2.1 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================
Install  3 Packages (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 75 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/7): mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                | 2.5 MB  00:00:04     
(2/7): mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        |  14 MB  00:00:05     
(3/7): mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        | 633 kB  00:00:00     
(4/7): mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                | 2.1 MB  00:00:00     
(5/7): mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                   | 667 kB  00:00:00     
(6/7): mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          | 1.5 MB  00:00:01     
(7/7): mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        |  53 MB  00:00:20     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                               2.8 MB/s |  75 MB  00:00:26     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Importing GPG key 0x3A79BD29:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: 859b e8d7 c586 f538 430b 19c2 467b 942d 3a79 bd29
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       1/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               2/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                         3/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       4/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               5/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       6/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                  7/8 
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                               8/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               1/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                  2/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       3/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               4/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       5/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       6/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                         7/8 
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                               8/8 

Installed:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7             mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7          
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7          

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7         mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7        
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7         mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7        

Replaced:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7                                                                                

Complete!

3.7启动服务mysql服务

3.7.1使用systemctl start mysqld.service启动服务

systemctl start mysqld.service

3.7.2使用systemctl status mysqld.service查看服务状态

systemctl status  mysqld.service

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3.8停止MySql服务

systemctl stop mysqld.service

3.9重启MySql服务

systemctl restart mysqld.service

4、MySql修改密码及登录

4.1查看初始化密码：

MySQL第一次启动后会创建超级管理员账号root@localhost，初始密码存储在日志文件中，输入如下命令即可查看。

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

如下运行结果中，我的密码是（Cg%N.)huy2hc）

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-07-23T09:11:22.370522Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Cg%N.)huy2hc

4.2root账号登录

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4.3修改root账号的密码

mysql登录成功后输入ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';进行密码修改。发现提示Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements 时，说明密码太弱，在MySQL中默认的密码策略是要包含数字、字母及特殊字符，如果只是测试用，不想用那么复杂的密码，可以修改默认策略，即validate_password_policy（以及validate_password_length等相关参数），使其支持简单密码的设定，设置密码策略修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf，添加validate_password=OFF，保存并重启MySQL。

这里我没有修改密码直接重新换了一下密码，设置为 Aiden@163.com

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5、设置编码格式

5.1查看编码

步骤1：登录mysql

步骤2：输入 show variables like ‘character%’; 查看，如下所示：

mysql> show  variables  like 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8mb3                        |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+

5.2设置编码

步骤1：输入vim /etc/my.cnf 命令

步骤2：按 insert键进入编辑模式

步骤3：编辑 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件，在[mysqld]节点增加以下代码：

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'

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步骤4：编辑完后按Esc键退出，最后输入:wq 进行保存！

6、设置MySql开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

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7、开放3306端口

开放端口命令语法：

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=端口号/tcp --permanent

命令含义：

--zone ：作用域

--add-port=端口号/tcp ：添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议

--permanent ：永久生效，如果没有设置此参数，则只能维持当前服务生命周期内，重新启动后将会失效

开放端口3306示例:

[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --state
running
[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success

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查询3306端口是否开启,注意需要使用firewall-cmd --reload命令重新载入配置

[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
yes

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8、Navicat Premium测试连接操作MySql

步骤1：查看系统的ip地址

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步骤2：打开windows系统上安装的Navicat Premium15

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步骤3：在新建连接的界面输入正确的IP地址与用户名、密码、端口号信息

在这里插入图片描述

步骤4：点击测试连接，验证是否正常

注意： 在执行此步骤时，要确保linux中是否已开放3306端口，当过程中如果出现如下错误，则需要修改mysql服务器中mysql数据库中user表中host列的值为%。

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1045错误码的解决方案步骤：

1、连接mysql服务器

2、进入mysql数据库：use mysql;

3、查看user表中的数据：select Host, User,Password from user;

4、修改user表中的Host：update user set Host=‘%’ where User=‘root’;

5、刷新授权列表：flush privileges;

mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

步骤5：再次尝试测试连接

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点击 “确定” 按钮后连接就创建成功了 O(∩_∩)O~

步骤6：测试测试数据库创建

create database testDB;

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步骤7：测试创建数据表

use testDB;
create table users(
 	userId int not null primary key auto_increment comment '用户ID',
 	userName varchar(20) not null comment '用户名',
 	userSex char(2) not null comment '用户性别'
) comment='用户信息表';

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步骤8：测试为表中插入数据

use testDB;
insert into users (userName,userSex) 
values ('张三','男'),('李四','男'),('王五','男');

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步骤8：测试查询表数据

use testDB;
select * from users;

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步骤9：使用Xshell连接Linux操作MySql数据库

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9、卸载删除MySql

9.1、检查mariadb

rpm -qa|grep mariadb

注意：如果有检查到mariadb则删除mariadb, 如没有，则跳过

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

9.2、检查mysql

[root@localhost ~]  rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64