概述

• 需求：
  1、批量查询HIVE表的大小和行数
  2、批量查询HIVE表文件数和分区数
• 思路
  借助程序（本文为Python2）遍历HIVE表，DESC FORMATTED获取表状态信息
• 我们往往不需要所有表，而是指定的表，筛选方法：
  1、制定表名规则，USE 库+SHOW TABLES+LIKE进行筛选
  2、在MySQL（HIVE元数据存储位置）进行筛选

批量获取HIVE表基本信息

SELECT
    b.`NAME`,           -- 库名
    t.`TBL_NAME`,       -- 表名
    t.`TBL_TYPE`,       -- 表类型
    c.`PARAM_VALUE`,    -- 表注释
    s.`LOCATION`        -- 表的HDFS路径
FROM `DBS`b
INNER JOIN `TBLS`t ON t.`DB_ID`=b.`DB_ID`
INNER JOIN `SDS`s ON s.`SD_ID`=t.`SD_ID`
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT `TBL_ID`,`PARAM_VALUE`
    FROM `TABLE_PARAMS`
    WHERE `PARAM_KEY`='comment'
)c ON c.`TBL_ID`=t.`TBL_ID`
WHERE t.`TBL_TYPE`='MANAGED_TABLE' OR t.`TBL_TYPE`='EXTERNAL_TABLE';

详细信息

SELECT
    b.`NAME` AS `库名`
    ,t.`TBL_NAME` AS `表名`
    ,t.`TBL_TYPE` AS `表类型`
    ,c.`PARAM_VALUE` AS `表注释`
    ,s.`LOCATION` AS `表的HDFS路径`
    ,t.`VIEW_EXPANDED_TEXT` AS `视图的SQL`
    ,t.`OWNER` AS `表的属主`
    ,t.`OWNER_TYPE` AS `表的属主的类型`
    ,s.`INPUT_FORMAT` AS `表输入格式`
    ,s.`OUTPUT_FORMAT` AS `表输出格式`
    -- ,s.`NUM_BUCKETS` AS `分桶数`
    -- ,s.`IS_COMPRESSED` AS 是否压缩
FROM `DBS`b
INNER JOIN `TBLS`t ON t.`DB_ID`=b.`DB_ID`
INNER JOIN `SDS`s ON s.`SD_ID`=t.`SD_ID`
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT `TBL_ID`,`PARAM_VALUE`
    FROM `TABLE_PARAMS`
    WHERE `PARAM_KEY`='comment'
)c ON c.`TBL_ID`=t.`TBL_ID`
WHERE t.`TBL_TYPE`='MANAGED_TABLE' OR t.`TBL_TYPE`='EXTERNAL_TABLE';

查询单个HIVE表的大小和行数

DESC FORMATTED 库名.表名;

代码

MySQL建表，用于存储查询结果

USE data_management;
CREATE TABLE hive_table_status(
  update_time     TIMESTAMP     NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  table_name      VARCHAR(255)  NOT NULL      COMMENT "HIVE表名.库名",
  num_partitions  INT           DEFAULT NULL  COMMENT "分区数",
  raw_data_size   BIGINT        DEFAULT NULL  COMMENT "原始数据大小",
  total_size      BIGINT        DEFAULT NULL  COMMENT "总大小(不含副本)，单位B",
  num_rows        BIGINT        DEFAULT NULL  COMMENT "行数",
  num_files       INT           DEFAULT NULL  COMMENT "文件数",
  PRIMARY KEY(table_name)
)COMMENT "HIVE表状态信息";

Python2

# coding:utf-8
from subprocess import check_output
from time import time, strftime
from re import findall

# HIVE元数据所在的库
META_STORE = 'hive'
# 数据存储路径
MYSQL_DB = 'data_management'
MYSQL_TB = 'hive_table_status'
# 查询HIVE表
SQL = '''
SELECT
    b.`NAME`     AS db_name,  -- 库名
    t.`TBL_NAME` AS tb_name   -- 表名
FROM `DBS` b
INNER JOIN `TBLS` t ON b.`DB_ID`=t.`DB_ID`
WHERE 1=1
'''
HIVE_DB = ''  # 根据库来筛选HIVE表，默认不筛选
EXTERNAL_TABLE = False  # 是否筛选外部表


class Executor:
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        # 起始秒数
        self.t = time()
        # 传参：https://yellow520.blog.csdn.net/article/details/122088401
        self.parameters = kwargs

    def __del__(self):
        print '结束时间：{}'.format(self.now)
        print '运行时长：{}'.format(self)

    def __str__(self):
        t = self.second
        if t < 3600:
            return '%.2fmin' % (t / 60)
        else:
            return '%.2fh' % (t / 3600)

    @property
    def second(self):
        """程序运行秒数"""
        return time() - self.t

    @property
    def now(self):
        return strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

    @staticmethod
    def sh(cmd):
        """执行Shell命令"""
        return check_output(cmd, shell=True).strip()


class Mysql(Executor):
    def e(self, sql):
        host = self.parameters.get('host', 'localhost')
        user = self.parameters.get('user', 'root')
        password = self.parameters.get('password')
        database = self.parameters.get('database')
        sql = sql.replace("'", '"')
        return self.sh("mysql -h'{}' -u'{}' -p'{}' -D'{}' -e'{}'".format(
            host, user, password, database, sql))

    def fetch_dt(self, sql):
        lines = self.e(sql).split('\n')
        if len(lines) > 1:
            columns = lines[0].split('\t')
            col_num = len(columns)
            for line in lines[1:]:
                cells = line.split('\t')
                yield {columns[i]: cells[i] for i in range(col_num)}

    def replace(self, dt, tb):
        ls = [(k, v) for k, v in dt.items() if v is not None]
        sql = 'REPLACE INTO %s (' % tb + ','.join(i[0] for i in ls) + \
              ') VALUES (' + ','.join('%r' % i[1] for i in ls) + ')'
        self.e(sql)


class Hive(Executor):
    def e(self, sql):
        return self.sh("hive -e '{}'".format(sql))


class Monitor:
    def __init__(self, mysql_pwd):
        self.mysql_hive_meta_store = Mysql(password=mysql_pwd, database=META_STORE)
        self.mysql_db = Mysql(password=mysql_pwd, database=MYSQL_DB)
        self.hive = Hive()
        self.hive_result = ''

    def find_all(self, pattern):
        a = findall(pattern, self.hive_result)
        if a:
            a = a[0]
            if a.isdigit():
                return int(a)
            return a
        return None

    def select_hive_tables(self):
        sql = SQL
        if HIVE_DB:
            sql += ' AND b.`NAME`="{hive_db}"'.format(hive_db=HIVE_DB)
        if EXTERNAL_TABLE is True:
            sql += ' AND `TBL_TYPE`="EXTERNAL_TABLE"'
        for dt in self.mysql_hive_meta_store.fetch_dt(sql):
            yield '{}.{}'.format(dt['db_name'], dt['tb_name'])

    def desc_formatted(self, table):
        sql = 'DESC FORMATTED {};'.format(table)
        self.hive_result = self.hive.e(sql)
        return {
            'table_name': table,
            'num_partitions': self.find_all(r'numPartitions\s+([0-9]+)'),
            'raw_data_size': self.find_all(r'rawDataSize\s+([0-9]+)'),
            'total_size': self.find_all(r'totalSize\s+([0-9]+)'),
            'num_rows': self.find_all(r'numRows\s+([0-9]+)'),
            'num_files': self.find_all(r'numFiles\s+([0-9]+)'),
        }

    def main(self):
        for tb in self.select_hive_tables():
            self.mysql_db.replace(self.desc_formatted(tb), MYSQL_TB)

    def main2(self):
        ls = []
        for tb in self.select_hive_tables():
            dt = self.desc_formatted(tb)
            # 平均每个文件大小，单位MB
            if dt['total_size'] and dt['num_files']:
                dt['avg_file_mb'] = 1. * dt['total_size'] / dt['num_files'] / 1024
            # 平均每个分区大小，单位MB
            if dt['total_size'] and dt['num_partitions']:
                dt['avg_partition_mb'] = 1. * dt['total_size'] / dt['num_partitions'] / 1024
            # 平均每个分区文件数
            if dt['num_files'] and dt['num_partitions']:
                dt['avg_partition_num_files'] = 1. * dt['num_files'] / dt['num_partitions']
            ls.append(dt)
        for dt in ls:
            print dt


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Monitor(mysql_pwd='密码').main()

结果查询

USE hive;
SELECT
  b.`NAME`,           -- 库名
  t.`TBL_NAME`,       -- 表名
  t.`TBL_TYPE`,       -- 表类型
  c.`PARAM_VALUE`,    -- 表注释
  s.`LOCATION`,       -- 表的HDFS路径
  d.`update_time`,    -- HIVE表最近一次状态的更新时间
  d.`num_partitions`, -- 分区数
  d.`raw_data_size`,  -- 原始数据大小",
  d.`total_size`,     -- 总大小(不含副本)
  d.`num_rows`,       -- 行数
  d.`num_files`,      -- 文件数
  d.`total_size`/d.`num_files`/1024/1024 AS `avg_file_mb`,            -- 平均每个文件大小，单位MB
  d.`total_size`/d.`num_partitions`/1024/1024 AS `avg_partition_mb`,  -- 平均每个分区大小，单位MB
  d.`num_files`/d.`num_partitions` AS `avg_partition_num_files`       -- 平均每个分区文件数
FROM `DBS`b
INNER JOIN `TBLS`t ON t.`DB_ID`=b.`DB_ID`
INNER JOIN `SDS`s ON s.`SD_ID`=t.`SD_ID`
LEFT JOIN (
  SELECT `TBL_ID`,`PARAM_VALUE`
  FROM `TABLE_PARAMS`
  WHERE `PARAM_KEY`='comment'
)c ON c.`TBL_ID`=t.`TBL_ID`
LEFT JOIN data_management.hive_table_status d
  ON CONCAT(b.`NAME`,'.',t.`TBL_NAME`)=d.`table_name`;

Appendix

en	🔉	cn
accurate	ˈækjərət	准确的
SerDe	Serialize Deserialize	序列化和反序列化
transient	ˈtrænʃnt	adj. 转瞬即逝的；暂住的；n. 流动人口
compressed	kəmˈprest	adj. （被）压缩的；扁的；v. （被）压紧
ORC	Optimized Row Columnar	基于列式存储的 用于HIVE的 Hadoop生态的 文件存储格式
columnar	kəˈlʌmnər	adj. 柱状的；分纵栏印刷或书写的
snappy	ˈsnæpi	简洁的；精练的

某次DESC FORMATTED结果

# col_name            	data_type           	comment             
user_id             	string              	用户ID                
page_id             	string              	页面ID                
	 	 
# Partition Information	 	 
# col_name            	data_type           	comment             
ymd                 	string              	                    
	 	 
# Detailed Table Information	 	 
Database:           	ec                  	 
OwnerType:          	USER                	 
Owner:              	yellow              	 
CreateTime:         	Sun Mar 13 11:21:47 CST 2022	 
LastAccessTime:     	UNKNOWN             	 
Retention:          	0                   	 
Location:           	hdfs://hadoop105:8020/user/hive/warehouse/ec.db/dwd/pv	 
Table Type:         	EXTERNAL_TABLE      	 
Table Parameters:	 	 
	COLUMN_STATS_ACCURATE	{\"BASIC_STATS\":\"true\"}
	EXTERNAL            	TRUE                
	bucketing_version   	2                   
	comment             	页面浏览                
	numFiles            	16                  
	numPartitions       	9                   
	numRows             	3000                
	orc.compress        	snappy              
	rawDataSize         	519000              
	totalSize           	17047               
	transient_lastDdlTime	1647141707          
	 	 
# Storage Information	 	 
SerDe Library:      	org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcSerde	 
InputFormat:        	org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat	 
OutputFormat:       	org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcOutputFormat	 
Compressed:         	No                  	 
Num Buckets:        	-1                  	 
Bucket Columns:     	[]                  	 
Sort Columns:       	[]                  	 
Storage Desc Params:	 	 
	serialization.format	1                   
Time taken: 0.184 seconds, Fetched: 40 row(s)

某次计算结果

+------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
| table_name | TBL_TYPE       | num_partitions | raw_data_size | total_size | num_rows | num_files | avg_file_kb |
+------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+------------+----------+-----------+-------------+
| ec.ods_pv  | EXTERNAL_TABLE |              9 |             0 |     402845 |        0 |       132 |  2.98032818 |
| ec.dwd_pv  | EXTERNAL_TABLE |              9 |        519000 |      17047 |     3000 |        16 |  1.04046631 |
| ec.dws_pv  | EXTERNAL_TABLE |              8 |        451052 |      14616 |     2492 |        10 |  1.42734375 |
| ec.ads_pv  | EXTERNAL_TABLE |              8 |           494 |        557 |       63 |        10 |  0.05439453 |
+------------+----------------+----------------+---------------+------------+----------+-----------+-------------+