TDengine常用命令及SQL
TDengine常用命令汇总，包括数据库启停、数据库参数查看、节点管理、数据库创建、查询、修改和管理、表创建与修改，以及常用的SQL。
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TDengine常用命令及SQL
1.数据库基础命令
1.1.数据库启停(RHEL/CentOS)
systemctl start taosd
systemctl stop taosd
[root@ms05 ~]# systemctl start taosd
[root@ms05 ~]# ps -ef | grep taosd
root 7888 1 0 21:41 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/taosd
root 7929 7830 0 21:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto taosd
[root@ms05 ~]# systemctl stop taosd
[root@ms05 ~]# ps -ef | grep taosd
root 7938 7830 0 21:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto taosd
1.2.查看服务端参数
taosd -C
[root@ms05 ~]# taosd -C
taos global config:
==================================
serverPort: 6030
arbitrator:
numOfMnodes: 3
vnodeBak: 1
telemetryReporting: 1
balance: 1
balanceInterval: 300
maxTmrCtrl: 512
offlineThreshold: 8640000(s)
statusInterval: 1(s)
minSlidingTime: 10(ms)
minIntervalTime: 10(ms)
maxStreamCompDelay: 20000(ms)
maxFirstStreamCompDelay:10000(ms)
retryStreamCompDelay: 10(ms)
streamCompDelayRatio: 0.100000
maxVgroupsPerDb: 100
maxTablesPerVnode: 400
minTablesPerVnode: 10
tableIncStepPerVnode: 1000
cache: 16(Mb)
blocks: 6
days: 10
keep: 3650
minRows: 100
maxRows: 4096
comp: 2
walLevel: 1
fsync: 3000
replica: 1
quorum: 1
update: 0
compressMsgSize: -1
maxSQLLength: 65480(byte)
maxNumOfOrderedRes: 100000
queryBufferSize: -1(byte)
retrieveBlockingModel: 0
keepColumnName: 0
timezone:
locale:
charset:
maxShellConns: 5000
maxConnections: 5000
minimalLogDirGB: 1.000000(GB)
minimalTmpDirGB: 1.000000(GB)
minimalDataDirGB: 1.000000(GB)
mnodeEqualVnodeNum: 4
flowctrl: 1
slaveQuery: 1
adjustMaster: 1
http: 1
mqtt: 0
monitor: 1
stream: 1
telegrafUseFieldNum: 0
gitinfo: 66eee02ce327c60553d44ec2c3f14e7feba78563
gitinfoOfInternal: NULL
buildinfo: Built at 2021-02-10 09:27
version: 2.0.16.0
taos local config:
==================================
firstEp: ms06.dyq.com:6030
secondEp:
fqdn: ms05.dyq.com
configDir: /etc/taos
logDir: /var/log/taos
scriptDir: /etc/taos
numOfThreadsPerCore: 1.000000
numOfCommitThreads: 1
ratioOfQueryCores: 1.000000
role: 0
monitorInterval: 30(s)
rpcTimer: 1000(ms)
rpcMaxTime: 600(s)
shellActivityTimer: 3(s)
httpEnableRecordSql: 0
httpMaxThreads: 2
restfulRowLimit: 10240
numOfLogLines: 10000000
logKeepDays: 0
asyncLog: 1
debugFlag: 0
mDebugFlag: 131
dDebugFlag: 135
sDebugFlag: 135
wDebugFlag: 135
sdbDebugFlag: 131
rpcDebugFlag: 131
tmrDebugFlag: 131
cDebugFlag: 131
jniDebugFlag: 131
odbcDebugFlag: 131
uDebugFlag: 131
httpDebugFlag: 131
mqttDebugFlag: 131
monDebugFlag: 131
qDebugFlag: 131
vDebugFlag: 135
tsdbDebugFlag: 131
cqDebugFlag: 131
enableRecordSql: 0
enableCoreFile: 0
maxBinaryDisplayWidth: 30
tempDir: /tmp/
1.3.查看客户端参数
taos -C
[root@ms05 ~]# taos -C
taos global config:
==================================
serverPort: 6030
arbitrator:
compressMsgSize: -1
maxSQLLength: 65480(byte)
maxNumOfOrderedRes: 100000
keepColumnName: 0
timezone:
locale:
charset:
gitinfo: 66eee02ce327c60553d44ec2c3f14e7feba78563
gitinfoOfInternal: NULL
buildinfo: Built at 2021-02-10 09:27
version: 2.0.16.0
taos local config:
==================================
firstEp: ms06.dyq.com:6030
secondEp:
fqdn: ms05.dyq.com
configDir: /etc/taos
logDir: /var/log/taos
scriptDir: /etc/taos
numOfThreadsPerCore: 1.000000
rpcTimer: 1000(ms)
rpcMaxTime: 600(s)
shellActivityTimer: 3(s)
numOfLogLines: 10000000
logKeepDays: 0
asyncLog: 1
debugFlag: 0
rpcDebugFlag: 131
tmrDebugFlag: 131
cDebugFlag: 131
jniDebugFlag: 131
odbcDebugFlag: 131
uDebugFlag: 131
qDebugFlag: 131
tsdbDebugFlag: 131
maxBinaryDisplayWidth: 30
tempDir: /tmp/
1.4.客户端登录
toas
[root@ms05 ~]# taos --help Usage: taos [OPTION…]
-A, --user=Auth The user auth to use when connecting to the server.
-c, --config-dir=CONFIG_DIR Configuration directory.
-C, --dump-config Dump configuration.
-d, --database=DATABASE Database to use when connecting to the server.
-D, --directory=DIRECTORY Use multi-thread to import all SQL files in the directory separately.
-f, --file=FILE Script to run without enter the shell.
-h, --host=HOST TDengine server FQDN to connect. The default host is localhost.
-l, --pktlen=PKTLEN Packet length used for net test, default is 1000 bytes.
-n, --netrole=NETROLE Net role when network connectivity test, default is startup, options: client|server|rpc|startup|sync.
-p, --password[=PASSWORD] The password to use when connecting to the server.
-P, --port=PORT The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.
-r, --raw-time Output time as uint64_t.
-s, --commands=COMMANDS Commands to run without enter the shell.
-t, --timezone=TIMEZONE Time zone of the shell, default is local.
-T, --thread=THREADNUM Number of threads when using multi-thread to import data.
-u, --user=USER The user name to use when connecting to the server.
-?, --help Give this help list
–usage Give a short usage message
-V, --version Print program version
1.5.查看数据库参数
show variables;
taos> show variables;
name | value |
============================================================
version | 2.0.16.0 |
buildinfo | Built at 2021-02-10 09:27 |
gitinfoOfInternal | NULL |
gitinfo | 66eee02ce327c60553d44ec2c3f... |
telegrafUseFieldNum | 0 |
stream | 1 |
monitor | 1 |
mqtt | 0 |
http | 1 |
adjustMaster | 1 |
slaveQuery | 1 |
flowctrl | 1 |
mnodeEqualVnodeNum | 4 |
minimalDataDirGB | 1.000000 |
minimalTmpDirGB | 1.000000 |
minimalLogDirGB | 1.000000 |
maxConnections | 5000 |
maxShellConns | 5000 |
charset | UTF-8 |
locale | en_US.UTF-8 |
timezone | (CST, +0800) |
keepColumnName | 0 |
retrieveBlockingModel | 0 |
queryBufferSize | -1 |
maxNumOfOrderedRes | 100000 |
maxSQLLength | 65480 |
compressMsgSize | -1 |
update | 0 |
quorum | 1 |
replica | 1 |
fsync | 3000 |
walLevel | 1 |
comp | 2 |
maxRows | 4096 |
minRows | 100 |
keep | 3650 |
days | 10 |
blocks | 6 |
cache | 16 |
tableIncStepPerVnode | 1000 |
minTablesPerVnode | 10 |
maxTablesPerVnode | 400 |
maxVgroupsPerDb | 100 |
streamCompDelayRatio | 0.100000 |
retryStreamCompDelay | 10 |
maxFirstStreamCompDela | 10000 |
maxStreamCompDelay | 20000 |
minIntervalTime | 10 |
minSlidingTime | 10 |
statusInterval | 1 |
offlineThreshold | 8640000 |
maxTmrCtrl | 512 |
balanceInterval | 300 |
balance | 1 |
telemetryReporting | 1 |
vnodeBak | 1 |
numOfMnodes | 3 |
arbitrator | |
serverPort | 6030 |
Query OK, 59 row(s) in set (0.002253s)
2.节点管理
2.1.查看数据节点
show dnodes;
taos> show dnodes;
id | end_point | vnodes | cores | status | role | create_time | offline reason |
======================================================================================================================================
1 | ms06.dyq.com:6030 | 0 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.957 | |
2 | ms07.dyq.com:6030 | 1 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:02:46.594 | |
3 | ms08.dyq.com:6030 | 2 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:03:27.454 | |
4 | ms09.dyq.com:6030 | 1 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:03:28.316 | |
Query OK, 4 row(s) in set (0.001141s)
2.2.查看管理节点
show mondes;
taos> show mnodes;
id | end_point | role | create_time |
===================================================================================
1 | ms06.dyq.com:6030 | master | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.957 |
2 | ms07.dyq.com:6030 | slave | 2021-03-06 14:02:47.209 |
4 | ms09.dyq.com:6030 | slave | 2021-03-06 14:03:50.659 |
Query OK, 3 row(s) in set (0.001554s)
2.3.添加数据节点
create dnode “ms05.dyq.com:6030” ;
taos> create dnode "ms05.dyq.com:6030" ;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002531s)
taos> show dnodes;
id | end_point | vnodes | cores | status | role | create_time | offline reason |
======================================================================================================================================
1 | ms06.dyq.com:6030 | 0 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.957 | |
2 | ms07.dyq.com:6030 | 1 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:02:46.594 | |
3 | ms08.dyq.com:6030 | 2 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:03:27.454 | |
4 | ms09.dyq.com:6030 | 1 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:03:28.316 | |
10 | ms05.dyq.com:6030 | 1 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-10 22:08:56.142 | |
Query OK, 5 row(s) in set (0.001233s)
要添加新节点，需要节点间以下参数相同：
numOfMnodes：系统中管理节点个数。默认值：3。 balance：是否启动负载均衡。0：否，1：是。默认值：1。
mnodeEqualVnodeNum: 一个mnode等同于vnode消耗的个数。默认值：4。 offlineThreshold:>
dnode离线阈值，超过该时间将导致该dnode从集群中删除。单位为秒，默认值：86400*10（即10天）。
statusInterval: dnode向mnode报告状态时长。单位为秒，默认值：1。 maxTablesPerVnode:>
每个vnode中能够创建的最大表个数。默认值：1000000。 maxVgroupsPerDb:>
每个数据库中能够使用的最大vgroup个数。 arbitrator: 系统中裁决器的end point，缺省为空。
timezone、locale、charset 的配置见客户端配置。 以上描述来自TDengine官方文档
2.4.删除数据节点
drop dnode “ms05.dyq.com:6030”;
taos> drop dnode "ms05.dyq.com:6030";
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.000480s)
taos> show dnodes;
id | end_point | vnodes | cores | status | role | create_time | offline reason |
======================================================================================================================================
1 | ms06.dyq.com:6030 | 0 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.957 | |
2 | ms07.dyq.com:6030 | 1 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:02:46.594 | |
3 | ms08.dyq.com:6030 | 2 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:03:27.454 | |
4 | ms09.dyq.com:6030 | 1 | 4 | ready | any | 2021-03-06 14:03:28.316 | |
10 | ms05.dyq.com:6030 | 0 | 4 | dropping | any | 2021-03-10 22:08:56.142 | |
Query OK, 5 row(s) in set (0.001767s)
3.用户管理
3.1.添加用户
create user test1 pass ‘test1’;
创建用户，并指定用户名和密码，密码需要用单引号引起来，单引号为英文半角
3.2.删除用户
drop user test1;
3.3.查看用户
show users;
3.4.修改用户密码
alter user test1 pass ‘test2’;
3.5.修改用户权限
alter user test1 privilege read;
系统内共有 super/write/read 三种权限级别，但不允许把 super 权限赋予用户。
taos> create user test1 pass 'test1';
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002419s)
taos> show users;
name | privilege | create_time | account |
============================================================================================
_root | writable | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
test | writable | 2021-03-10 21:49:59.992 | root |
monitor | writable | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
test1 | writable | 2021-03-10 22:16:34.549 | root |
root | super | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
Query OK, 5 row(s) in set (0.001649s)
taos> alter user test1 pass 'test2';
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002351s)
taos> alter user test1 privilege read;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002388s)
taos> show users;
name | privilege | create_time | account |
============================================================================================
_root | writable | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
test | writable | 2021-03-10 21:49:59.992 | root |
monitor | writable | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
test1 | readable | 2021-03-10 22:16:34.549 | root |
root | super | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
Query OK, 5 row(s) in set (0.001606s)
taos> drop user test1;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002834s)
taos> show users;
name | privilege | create_time | account |
============================================================================================
_root | writable | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
test | writable | 2021-03-10 21:49:59.992 | root |
monitor | writable | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
root | super | 2021-03-06 14:01:42.958 | root |
Query OK, 4 row(s) in set (0.001404s)
4.数据库管理
4.1.创建数据库
create database testdb replica 3 keep 30 days 7 blocks 4 update 1;
taos> create database testdb replica 3 keep 30 days 7 blocks 4 update 1;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.003397s)
taos> show databases\G;
......
*************************** 3.row ***************************
name: testdb
created_time: 2021-03-10 22:24:10.014
ntables: 0
vgroups: 0
replica: 3
quorum: 1
days: 7
keep0,keep1,keep(D): 30,30,30
cache(MB): 16
blocks: 4
minrows: 100
maxrows: 4096
wallevel: 1
fsync: 3000
comp: 2
cachelast: 0
precision: ms
update: 1
status: ready
Query OK, 3 row(s) in set (0.001967s)
replica： 数据副本数量，缺省值为 1，取值范围 [1, 3]，值必须小于数据节点数量 keep： 数据保持最长天数，缺省值为
3650，超过期限数据库会自动删除数据。最大值365000，但必须大于days值 days： 一个数据文件中存储几天的数据，缺省值为10
comp： 是否压缩，缺省值为 2，取值范围为 [0, 2]。0 表示不压缩，1 表示一阶段压缩，2 表示两阶段压缩。 quorum：
参数是指数据写入成功所需要的确认数，取值范围 [1, 3]。对于异步复制，quorum 设为 1，具有 master
角色的虚拟节点自己确认即可。对于同步复制，需要至少大于等于 2。原则上，Quorum >= 1 并且 Quorum <=
replica(副本数)。 blocks： 每个 VNODE 中有多少 cache 大小的内存块，因此一个 VNODE
的用的内存大小粗略为（cache * blocks）。缺省值为6，取值范围 [3, 1000]。 cachelast：
控制是否在内存中缓存数据子表的 last_row。缺省值为 0，取值范围 [0, 1]。其中 0 表示不启用、1 表示启用。
update：是否更新相同时间戳数据，缺省值为0。0为不更新相同时间戳数据。
4.2.删除数据库
drop database test;
4.3.修改数据库参数
alter database testdb comp 1;
alter database testdb replica 2;
alter database testdb keep 365;
alter database testdb quorum 2;
alter database testdb blocks 100;
alter database testdb cachelast 1;
taos> alter database testdb comp 1;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002702s)
taos> alter database testdb replica 2;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.001466s)
taos> alter database testdb keep 365;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.001333s)
taos> alter database testdb quorum 2;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.001192s)
taos> alter database testdb blocks 100;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.001209s)
taos> alter database testdb cachelast 1;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002577s)
taos> show databases\G;
......
*************************** 3.row ***************************
name: testdb
created_time: 2021-03-10 22:24:10.014
ntables: 0
vgroups: 0
replica: 2
quorum: 2
days: 7
keep0,keep1,keep(D): 30,30,365
cache(MB): 16
blocks: 100
minrows: 100
maxrows: 4096
wallevel: 1
fsync: 3000
comp: 1
cachelast: 1
precision: ms
update: 1
status: ready
Query OK, 3 row(s) in set (0.002026s)
4.4.查看vgroups
show vgroups;
查看vgroups必须先进入具体数据库下
taos> use test;
Database changed.
taos> show vgroups;
vgId | tables | status | onlines | v1_dnode | v1_status | v2_dnode | v2_status | v3_dnode | v3_status |
==========================================================================================================================
134 | 1 | ready | 3 | 4 | master | 2 | slave | 3 | slave |
Query OK, 1 row(s) in set (0.001748s)
5.表管理
语法与MySQL类似，不再赘述。
5.1.表管理
创建表
use testdb;
create table t1 (ts TIMESTAMP,name1 BINARY(100)) ;
查看表结构
describe t1;
插入数据
insert into t1 values(‘2021-03-10 22:37:36.100’,‘test’);
查询表
select * from t1;
查看当前所有表
show tables;
taos> use testdb;
Database changed.
taos> create table t1 (ts TIMESTAMP,name1 BINARY(100)) ;
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.337263s)
taos> describe t1;
Field | Type | Length | Note |
=================================================================================
ts | TIMESTAMP | 8 | |
name1 | BINARY | 100 | |
Query OK, 2 row(s) in set (0.001216s)
taos> insert into t1 values('2021-03-10 22:37:36.100','test');
Query OK, 1 row(s) affected (0.000996s)
taos> select * from t1;
ts | name1 |
===========================================================
2021-03-10 22:37:36.100 | test |
Query OK, 1 row(s) in set (0.003716s)
taos> show tables\G;
*************************** 1.row ***************************
table_name: t1
created_time: 2021-03-10 22:50:35.576
columns: 2
stable_name:
uid: 37999121874405271
tid: 1
vgId: 135
Query OK, 1 row(s) in set (0.002383s)
5.2.超级表管理
创建超级表
use testdb;
create table st1 (ts TIMESTAMP,name1 BINARY(100)) tags (tgs binary(20));
查看超级表结构
describe st1;
插入数据
insert into t2 using st1 tags(‘tt’) values(‘2021-03-10 22:37:36.100’,‘test’);
查询超级表
select * from t1;
查看当前所有超级表
show stables;
taos> use testdb;
Database changed.
taos> create table st1 (ts TIMESTAMP,name1 BINARY(100)) tags (tgs binary(20));
Query OK, 0 row(s) affected (0.002633s)
taos> describe st1;
Field | Type | Length | Note |
=================================================================================
ts | TIMESTAMP | 8 | |
name1 | BINARY | 100 | |
tgs | BINARY | 20 | TAG |
Query OK, 3 row(s) in set (0.001394s)
taos> insert into t2 using st1 tags('tt') values('2021-03-10 22:37:36.100','test');
Query OK, 1 row(s) affected (0.005681s)
taos> show stables\G;
*************************** 1.row ***************************
name: st1
created_time: 2021-03-10 22:56:31.660
columns: 2
tags: 1
tables: 1
Query OK, 1 row(s) in set (0.001225s)
taos> show tables\G;
*************************** 1.row ***************************
table_name: t1
created_time: 2021-03-10 22:50:35.576
columns: 2
stable_name:
uid: 37999121874405271
tid: 1
vgId: 135
*************************** 2.row ***************************
table_name: t2
created_time: 2021-03-10 22:58:38.758
columns: 2
stable_name: st1
uid: 37999121891183092
tid: 2
vgId: 135
Query OK, 2 row(s) in set (0.002557s)
taos> select * from st1;
ts | name1 | tgs |
==================================================================================
2021-03-10 22:37:36.100 | test | tt |
Query OK, 1 row(s) in set (0.030868s)
6.会话管理
6.1.查看会话
show connections;
6.2.清理会话
kill connection 23;
taos> show connections;
connId | user | program | pid | ip:port | login_time | last_access |
===============================================================================================================================================================
1 | monitor | taosd | 5715 | 192.168.1.79:42760 | 2021-03-10 21:35:22.903 | 2021-03-10 23:04:04.601 |
2 | monitor | taosd | 5880 | 192.168.1.76:36500 | 2021-03-10 21:35:23.466 | 2021-03-10 23:04:05.225 |
3 | monitor | taosd | 5791 | 192.168.1.78:46854 | 2021-03-10 21:35:23.575 | 2021-03-10 23:04:05.284 |
4 | monitor | taosd | 5856 | 192.168.1.77:61739 | 2021-03-10 21:35:24.439 | 2021-03-10 23:04:04.633 |
18 | root | taos | 6464 | 192.168.1.76:33928 | 2021-03-10 21:57:16.695 | 2021-03-10 23:04:05.088 |
23 | root | taos | 8702 | 192.168.1.75:42408 | 2021-03-10 23:03:51.391 | 2021-03-10 23:04:04.919 |
Query OK, 6 row(s) in set (0.001725s)
taos> kill connection 23;
Query OK, 0 row(s) in set (0.000602s)
taos> show connections;
connId | user | program | pid | ip:port | login_time | last_access |
===============================================================================================================================================================
1 | monitor | taosd | 5715 | 192.168.1.79:42760 | 2021-03-10 21:35:22.903 | 2021-03-10 23:05:47.176 |
2 | monitor | taosd | 5880 | 192.168.1.76:36500 | 2021-03-10 21:35:23.466 | 2021-03-10 23:05:46.255 |
3 | monitor | taosd | 5791 | 192.168.1.78:46854 | 2021-03-10 21:35:23.575 | 2021-03-10 23:05:46.354 |
4 | monitor | taosd | 5856 | 192.168.1.77:61739 | 2021-03-10 21:35:24.439 | 2021-03-10 23:05:47.223 |
18 | root | taos | 6464 | 192.168.1.76:33928 | 2021-03-10 21:57:16.695 | 2021-03-10 23:05:46.122 |
Query OK, 5 row(s) in set (0.001582s)
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