PgSQL——学习笔记八: ORDER BY 子句:排序 & GROUP BY 语句:分组
PostgreSQL ORDER BY 语句:对一列或多列数据进行升序(ASC)或降序(DESC)排列。在 PostgreSQL 中,ORDER BY 用于对一列或者多列数据进行升序(ASC)或者降序(DESC)排列。//ORDER BY 子句的基础语法如下:SELECT column-listFROM table_name[WHERE condition][ORDER BY column1, c
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PostgreSQL ORDER BY 语句:对一列或多列数据进行升序(ASC)或降序(DESC)排列。
在 PostgreSQL 中,ORDER BY 用于对一列或者多列数据进行升序(ASC)或者降序(DESC)排列。
//ORDER BY 子句的基础语法如下:
SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
[WHERE condition]
[ORDER BY column1, column2, .. columnN] [ASC | DESC];
您可以在 ORDER BY 中使用一列或者多列,但是必须保证要排序的列必须存在。
ASC 表示升序,DESC 表示降序。
实例:
mydb=# select * from COMPANY;
id | name | age | address | salary | join_date
----+-------+-----+----------------------------------------------------+--------+------------
4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 | 2007-12-13
5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 | 2007-12-13
3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 |
2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | | 2007-12-13
1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 | 2001-07-13
(5 行记录)
//将对结果根据 AGE 字段值进行升序排列:
mydb=# SELECT * FROM COMPANY ORDER BY AGE ASC;
id | name | age | address | salary | join_date
----+-------+-----+----------------------------------------------------+--------+------------
3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 |
4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 | 2007-12-13
2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | | 2007-12-13
5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 | 2007-12-13
1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 | 2001-07-13
(5 行记录)
//将对结果根据 NAME 字段值和 SALARY 字段值进行升序排序:
mydb=# SELECT * FROM COMPANY ORDER BY NAME, SALARY ASC;
id | name | age | address | salary | join_date
----+-------+-----+----------------------------------------------------+--------+------------
2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | | 2007-12-13
5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 | 2007-12-13
4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 | 2007-12-13
1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 | 2001-07-13
3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 |
(5 行记录)
//将对结果根据NAME字段值进行降序排列:
mydb=# SELECT * FROM COMPANY ORDER BY NAME DESC;
id | name | age | address | salary | join_date
----+-------+-----+----------------------------------------------------+--------+------------
3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 |
1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 | 2001-07-13
4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 | 2007-12-13
5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 | 2007-12-13
2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | | 2007-12-13
(5 行记录)
PostgreSQL GROUP BY 语句:与SELECT 语句一起使用,对相同的数据进行分组
在 PostgreSQL 中,GROUP BY 语句和 SELECT 语句一起使用,用来对相同的数据进行分组。
注意:GROUP BY 在一个 SELECT 语句中,放在 WHRER 子句的后面,ORDER BY 子句的前面。
//下面给出了 GROUP BY 子句的基本语法:
SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2....columnN
ORDER BY column1, column2....columnN
注意:GROUP BY 子句必须放在 WHERE 子句中的条件之后,必须放在 ORDER BY 子句之前。
在 GROUP BY 子句中,你可以对一列或者多列进行分组,但是被分组的列必须存在于列清单中。
mydb=# select * from COMPANY;
id | name | age | address | salary | join_date
----+-------+-----+----------------------------------------------------+--------+------------
4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 | 2007-12-13
5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 | 2007-12-13
3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 |
2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | | 2007-12-13
1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 | 2001-07-13
(5 行记录)
//将根据 NAME 字段值进行分组,找出每个人的工资总额:
mydb=# SELECT NAME, SUM(SALARY) FROM COMPANY GROUP BY NAME;
name | sum
-------+-------
Teddy | 20000
David | 85000
Paul | 20000
Mark | 65000
Allen |
(5 行记录)
//在 CAMPANY 表中添加几条记录后:
mydb=# select * from COMPANY;
id | name | age | address | salary | join_date
----+-------+-----+----------------------------------------------------+--------+------------
4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 | 2007-12-13
5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 | 2007-12-13
3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 |
2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | | 2007-12-13
1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 | 2001-07-13
8 | Paul | 24 | Houston | 20000 |
6 | pasl | 24 | Hou | 20000 |
7 | lili | 23 | hy | 10000 |
9 | James | 44 | Norway | 5000 |
10 | James | 45 | Texas | 5000 |
(10 行记录)
//根据 NAME 字段值进行分组,找出每个客户的工资总额:
mydb=# SELECT NAME, SUM(SALARY) FROM COMPANY GROUP BY NAME;
name | sum
-------+-------
Teddy | 20000
lili | 10000
pasl | 20000
David | 85000
Paul | 40000
Mark | 65000
Allen |
James | 10000
(8 行记录)
//将 ORDER BY 子句与 GROUP BY 子句一起使用:
mydb=# SELECT NAME, SUM(SALARY) FROM COMPANY GROUP BY NAME ORDER BY sum ASC;
name | sum
-------+-------
lili | 10000
James | 10000
Teddy | 20000
pasl | 20000
Paul | 40000
Mark | 65000
David | 85000
Allen |
(8 行记录)
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