Linux安装Oracle无图形界面

1.下载Oracle版本：Oracle11g网址：https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/oracle-db11g-linux.html2.查看主机名[root@localhost ~]# hostnamelocalhost.localdomain在/etc/hosts文件内容的最底下添加主机名[root@lo

陆离a

2583人浏览 · 2021-02-08 09:39:14

陆离a · 2021-02-08 09:39:14 发布

1.下载Oracle版本：Oracle11g

网址：

https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/oracle-db11g-linux.html

2.查看主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname
localhost.localdomain

在/etc/hosts文件内容的最底下添加主机名

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
注掉原来的，然后添加自己得
127.0.0.1   localhost LuLi localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.146.134 localhost.localdomain

3.关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/selinux/config
设置SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]#setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]service iptables stop

4.用户、组、目录

[root@localhost ~]#groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]#groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost ~]#passwd oracle
[root@localhost ~]#id oracle

输入id oracle可以常看

5.创建软件安装目录

[root@localhost ~]#mkdir -p /opt/oracle //$ORACLE_BASE
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1 //$ORACLE_HOME
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /opt/oracle/oradata //存放数据库目录
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /opt/oracle/inventory
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area
[root@localhost ~]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle

Chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

6.将oracle使用者加入到sudo群组中

[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/sudoers
输入上面的命令后，打开sudoers文件进行编辑，找到
root       ALL=(ALL)       ALL 
oracle 	   ALL=(ALL)       ALL
使用:wq!退出

7.配置环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

8.修改用户限制脚本

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile         65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

9.关联设置

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

最后插入
session required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required   pam_limits.so

10.修改/etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]#vi /etc/profile

最后插入
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

$在root用户下，使用命令source profile使环境变量生效

[root@localhost ~]#source /etc/profile

11.修改用户环境变量

[root@localhost ~]#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

最后添加

# For Oracle
export  ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle;
export  ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1
export  ORACLE_SID=orcl;
export  PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

使环境变量生效

[root@localhost ~]#source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

12.正式安装软件

下载：unzip 解压插件yum install -y unzip zip

[root@localhost ~]#unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[root@localhost ~]#unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压完成后/opt/oracle下会生成database目录

13.编辑oracle数据库安装应答文件

我得路径：/opt/oracle/database/response

安装好会出现三个应答文件：db_install.rsp、dbca.rsp和netca.rsp；

此处有注意点：SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN //78 行选择语言不应该填写安装时候会报错予验安装不兼容问题

[root@localhost response]# vi db_install.rsp 
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY   //29 行 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=chances //37 行 主机名称
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall //42 行 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory //47 行 INVENTORY目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES= //78 行 选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1 //83 行 oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle //88 行 oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE //99 行 oracle版本
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba //142行dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall //147行oper用户组
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //160行 数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //165行globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl //170行SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=800  //192行 自动管理内存的最小内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //233行 设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //385行 设置安全更新

14.安装

进入oracle用户安装

[root@localhost response]# su root
[root@localhost response]# cd /opt/oracle/database/
[root@localhost response]# ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

此处会显示日志打印地址，可以通过tail -f 日志地址进行打印

安装成功

15.安装后操作

打开新的客户端root身份

[root@localhost /]# /opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@localhost /]# /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/root.sh

返回远界面按下回车

安装结束

16.配置监听

在root配置

[root@localhost /]# vi /opt/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""安装的类型
LISTENER_NUMBER=1监听器数量
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}监听器的名称列表
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}监听器使用的通讯协议列表
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""监听器启动的名称

**[oracle@localhost /]# netca /silent /responseFile /opt/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-bx3lhSFz-1612748031420)(C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210205164925464.png)]$

17.安装完成后重新打开一个窗口root用户下

[root@localhost /]# netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1521          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      20620/tnslsnr

由于上面执行netca的时候已经生成了listener监听了，所以需要修改下面文件：在oracle用户

[oracle@localhost /]# vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))

[oracle@localhost /]# lsnrctl start 	//继续监听

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-jMXfRCfx-1612748031421)(C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210205165242726.png)]$

18.添加数据库实例root下

[root@localhost /]# vi /opt/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION ="11.2.0"//不能更改
OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"
GDBNAME ="orcl"//数据库的名字
SID ="ORCL"//对应的实例名字
TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"//建库用的模板文件
SYSPASSWORD ="lzp+19991128"//SYS管理员密码
SYSTEMPASSWORD ="lzp+19991128"//SYSTEM管理员密码
SYSMANPASSWORD= "lzp+19991128"
DBSNMPPASSWORD= "lzp+19991128"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/opt/oracle/oradata//数据文件存放目录
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area//恢复数据存放目录
CHARACTERSET ="ZHS16GBK"//字符集，重要!!!建库后一般不能更改，所以建库前要确定清楚。
TOTALMEMORY ="1638"//1638MB，物理内存2G*80%。

19.安装

[oracle@localhost netca]$ vi /opt/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-uhs09XSy-1612748031423)(C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210205165858806.png)]$

[oracle@localhost netca]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle    19629      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL
oracle    19631      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCL
oracle    19636      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_ORCL
oracle    19638      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_ORCL
oracle    19640      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ORCL
oracle    19642      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_ORCL
oracle    19644      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_ORCL
oracle    19646      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_ORCL
oracle    19648      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ORCL
oracle    19650      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ORCL
oracle    19652      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ORCL
oracle    19654      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCL
oracle    19656      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_ORCL
oracle    19658      1  1 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_ORCL
oracle    19660      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ORCL
oracle    19662      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_ORCL
oracle    19664      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_ORCL
oracle    19706      1  0 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ORCL
oracle    19722      1  1 13:24 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ORCL

20.启动监听

[oracle@localhost netca]$ lsnrctl status

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-MposWtJM-1612748031424)(C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210205170004999.png)]$

接下来编辑配置

[oracle@localhost netca]$ vi /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/bin/dbstart
 将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@localhost netca]$ vi /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1/bin/dbshut
 将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@localhost netca]$ vi /etc/oratab
将orcl:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0:N中最后的N改为Y，成为
orcl:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

输入命令dbshut和dbstart测试

[oracle@localhost netca]$ dbshut
Oracle监听停止，进程消失。

[oracle@localhost response]$ lsnrctl status
[oracle@localhost response]$ ps -ef |grep ora_ |grep -v grep

[oracle@localhost response]$ dbstart
[oracle@localhost response]$lsnrctl status
[oracle@localhost response]$ps -ef |grep ora_ |grep -v grep

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-oOJfBYt6-1612748031427)(C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\image-20210205170634810.png)]

20.登录查看实例状态：

[oracle@localhost response]$sqlplus / as sysdba

$[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-vGWTpa4v-1612748031428)(C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210205170652557.png)]$

21.启动进入

每次切换启动时从root用户切换到oracle时

要用su - oracle

进入sql命令行sqlplus / as sysdba

22.收尾检查

[root@localhost response] # vi /etc/selinux/config


SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/112010/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.168.1.48)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle

23.开启和关闭

su - oracle之后

quit退出oracle
开启oracle服务：
$dbstart
$lsnrctl start
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>startup

关闭oracle服务：
$dbshut
$lsnrctl stop
$sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>shutdown

select name from v$tempfile