一、环境说明

操作系统版本：centos7.6
mysql版本：5.7.26

[root@test1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

二、安装步骤

1、下载mysql对应版本的rpm包

从官网下载所需的安装包https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

2、卸载系统默认安装的maridb

[root@test1 mysql5.7.26]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

3、MD5校验下载的软件包

[root@test1 opt]# md5sum mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
8a3f19f17a58900c45624ee26b0c2bb7 mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

4、解压下载的软件包

[root@test1 opt]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

5、执行rpm安装

[root@test1 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing…
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.26-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@test1 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing…
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.26-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@test1 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing…
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.26-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@test1 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing… ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing…
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.26-1.e################################# [100%]

6、启动mysqld服务

[root@test1 opt]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@test1 opt]# systemctl enable mysqld

7、修改初始密码

获取初始密码

[root@test1 ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep root@localhost
2021-01-28T05:56:31.873632Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: F=!Aq*:Lk5h?

使用初始密码登录数据库

[root@test1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26

Copyright © 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

修改root@localhost账户密码

8、创建一个普通账户

9、使用客户端连接mysqld测试验证

三、rpm方式重要文件路径说明

主要文件默认路径如下：
配置文件路径：/etc/my.cnf
数据存储目录：/var/lib/mysql
错误日志存储路径：/var/log/mysqld.log
socket文件路径：/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
如上参数均可以通过/etc/my.cnf参数配置文件查看和自定义。

四、FAQ

1、报错缺少libsasl2.so.2()依赖包

解决方案：
下载与操作系统一直的依赖包。